Filtyp
This study examines how government subsidies in the form of short-time work support were associated with the financial vulnerability of Swedish firms during the covid-19 pandemic. Using a difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) estimator on panel data covering 67,644 firms over the period 2014–2023, the study compares firms that received short-time work support (KTA) with firms that applied
This study examines whether hosting the FIFA World Cup lives up to the economic expectations communicated by host countries and FIFA. By using a difference-in-differences estimator with two-way fixed effects, we analyze the effects on GDP growth, unemployment and tourism for the five most recent world cups. That includes Germany 2006, South Africa 2010, Brazil 2014, Russia 2018 and Qatar 2022. The
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a temporary but sharp decline in cross-border trade between Norway and Sweden, providing an opportunity to study the role of international consumption in local economies. This study examines how the reduction in Norwegian cross-border trade is associated with changes in retail sales and employment in the municipality of Strömstad, compared to the control municipality L
Denna studie undersöker om introduktionen av kvantitativa lättnader påverkat avkastningskurvans förmåga att förutse recessioner. Studien bygger på paneldata från sju avancerade ekonomier och analyserar sambandet mellan avkastningskurvan och framtida recessioner. Avkastningskurvan mäts både genom räntespreaden mellan lång och kort ränta samt genom en inverteringsdummy. Metoden bygger på OLS-basera
This thesis examines how rising import competition from China affected employment and wages in Swedish manufacturing between 1995 and 2015. Using sector-country-year data for eight manufacturing sub-sectors and a benchmark sample of 26 European OECD countries, the study applies a quantitative long-differences design inspired by the China shock literature. The analysis estimates the relationship be
This thesis examines how underwriter reputation is associated with IPO pricing outcomes in the Swedish IPO market. Using a hand-collected sample of 398 Swedish IPOs from 2010 to 2024, the study analyses two dimensions of IPO pricing: first-day returns and offer-stage price-to-sales multiples. Underwriter reputation is measured as the lead underwriter’s lagged five-year market share of Swedish IPO
This study examines how the Beveridge curve, the relationship between unemployment and vacancies, developed for young people aged 15-24 in Sweden after the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies suggest that Beveridge curves often shift outward during economic crises, potentially indicating increased labour market mismatch. Sweden is of particular interest within this context, as a recent study point
This thesis examines the relationship between occupational gender composition and gender wage gaps in the Swedish labour market. The analysis uses aggregated register data from Statistics Sweden and focuses on women’s relative wages within occupational categories at the three-digit SSYK level during two separate periods: 2004–2013 and 2014–2024. The study uses descriptive statistics and regression
This paper analyses the predictability of the day-ahead electricity market before and after this energy crisis by comparing the outcomes of two different electricity price forecasting models applied to data from 2018-2019 and 2024-2025 in the Swedish bidding zone SE3. The years in between are marked by the Covid-19 pandemic, the energy crisis and the increasing penetration of renewable energy sour
This study examines the relationship between female representation in STEM-education (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and economic growth. Using panel data for 36 European and OECD countries during the period 2000-2023, the study investigates whether the share of women among STEM graduates is positively associated with GDP per capita growth. The model includes various control var
The thesis examines how exchange rate regimes affected the severity of the crisis and countries’ recovery capacity during the 2008 financial crisis. A panel data analysis was conducted using a fixed effects approach, in which ten countries were studied over the period 2006 – 2012. During this period six of the ten countries had a floating exchange rate regime (Sweden, Norway, Iceland, the United K
This thesis asks whether Sweden's accession to NATO changed how the FX options market priced uncertainty in the Swedish krona (SEK). The economic logic is that NATO membership lowers the geopolitical risk premium attached to a small open economy on the Baltic facing Russia. That re-pricing is unlikely to show up cleanly in the spot rate, which absorbs many unrelated flows and macro releases. I
As artificial intelligence is expected to reshape economic activity, differences in countries’ ability to adopt and use new technologies have become increasingly important. This study examines whether the structural conditions emphasized in the IMF’s AI Preparedness Index were also relevant during an earlier digital technological shift: the global diffusion of the internet. By using internet diffu
Single-use plastics (SUPs) impose substantial environmental costs. Following Directive (EU) 2019/904, Austria introduced producer charges and mandatory participation in collection and recycling systems. This thesis exploits a monthly aggregated and disaggregated panel of retail offer spells drawn from a price-comparison platform to estimate the extent to which compliance costs pass through to post
This paper investigates whether large information sets improve inflation forecasts for the Euro area by applying the machine learning framework of Medeiros et al. (2021) to monthly Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) data over the period 2002 to 2024. Using a dataset of 118 macroeconomic series spanning national accounts, labour market conditions, credit aggregates, financial markets, indus
This thesis forecasts the Cboe Gold ETF Volatility Index (GVZ) using HAR-type models and machine learning methods, including Elastic Net, XGBoost, Random Forest, and a multilayer perceptron, evaluated out-of-sample over 2020–2026 across daily, weekly, and monthly horizons. GVZ's own persistence, captured through daily, weekly, and monthly HAR components, constitutes a strong and difficult-
Financial volatility is important for the correct functioning of the market and notably difficult to forecast. This thesis examines if Patch Encoder-based Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) framework with GARCH, Random Forest, Long Short-Term Memory and Transformer as experts can improve forecasting accuracy. The proposed framework is evaluated across multiple horizons using RMSE, MAE, MSFE, QLIKE and R2 an
This thesis estimates the causal effect of the EU Emissions Trading System on air passenger demand at the country-pair level, using an unbalanced panel of yearly passenger flows for 625 routes over the period 2008 to 2024. The empirical strategy uses a difference-in-differences design with two-way fixed effects, using the distinction between intra-EEA flights covered by the aviation ETS and routes
Forecasting models in financial markets are commonly trained using mean squared error (MSE), the dominant statistical loss function in supervised forecasting, even though portfolio decisions depend on the trade-off between return and risk rather than prediction error alone. This thesis compares Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models trained under alternative objectives within a unified forecasting a
This thesis investigates the predictability of returns on Research and Development (R&D) investments among leading European innovation-driven firms. R&D is the engine of long-term economic growth and corporate competitive advantage, yet its returns are notoriously uncertain due to high information asymmetry and long gestation periods. Traditionally, financial analysts and researchers have
