Many animals rely on their visual systems to detect, locate or discriminate information in their environment. Environmental ‘visual noise’, however, may interfere with an animal's ability to detect visual information, affecting decision-making processes. A ubiquitous form of visual noise in aquatic environments is caustic flicker: moving light patterns caused by the refraction of light through sur

BACKGROUND: High and low birth weight are independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), the age-related clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells with preleu-kemic somatic mutations, predicts incident cardiovascular disease independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether birth weight predicts

Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, including injuries sustained in the new sports of badminton and taekwondo. Methods Injury data were obtained daily via the established web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS; 81 countries, 3836 athletes) and local organising committee medical facilities (81 countries, 567 athletes). Univariat

Aims: Despite metformin being used as first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether metformin altered DNA methylation in newly-diagnosed individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Results: We found that metformin therapy is associated with altered methylation of 26 sites in blood from Scandinavian discovery and re

According to Gloger's rule, animal colouration is expected to be darker in wetter and warmer climates. Such environmental clines are predicted to occur in colour polymorphic species and to be shaped by selection if colour morphs represent adaptations to different environments. We studied if the distribution of the colour polymorphic tawny owl (Strix aluco) morphs (a pheomelanic brown and a pale gr

TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) accumulation is the primary pathology underlying several neurodegenerative diseases. Charting the progression and heterogeneity of TDP-43 accumulation is necessary to better characterize TDP-43 proteinopathies, but current TDP-43 staging systems are heuristic and assume each syndrome is homogeneous. Here, we use data-driven disease progression modelling to deriv

How does elite communication influence affective polarization between partisan groups? Drawing on the literature on partisan source cues, we expect that communication from in- or outgroup party representatives will increase affective polarization. We argue that polarized social identities are reinforced by partisan source cues, which bias perceptions of elite communication and result in increased

Understanding the nature and origin of the precursor material to terrestrial planets is key to deciphering the mechanisms and timescales of planet formation1. Nucleosynthetic variability among rocky Solar System bodies can trace the composition of planetary building blocks2–5. Here we report the nucleosynthetic composition of silicon (μ30Si), the most abundant refractory planet-building element, i

Objective: The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on microbiota engraftment in patients with metabolic syndrome remains unclear. This systematic review employed a meta-analysis of RCTs for assessment on the role of FMT in treating obesity and metabolic syndrome, and its impact on clinically relevant parameters. Method: Major databases and grey literatures were searched identifying RC

A striking feature of nucleic acids and lipid membranes is that they all carry net negative charge and so is true for the majority of intracellular proteins. It is suggested that the role of this negative charge is to assure a basal intermolecular repulsion that keeps the cytosolic content suitably ‘fluid’ for function. We focus in this review on the experimental, theoretical and genetic findings

The Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy is currently being accreted and disrupted by the tidal field of the Milky Way. Recent observations have shown that the central region of the dwarf hosts at least three different stellar populations, ranging from old and metal-poor over intermediate metal-rich to young metal-rich. While the intermediate-age metal-rich population has been identified

Concerns over the earth’s ability to sustain itself over the long term as a consequence of human consumption of natural resources points towards sustainable development. Since a large proportion of human consumption is linked to buildings and construction, this means managing the construction process in more sustainable ways. Strategies that target greater material efficiency and which promote cir

The insertion of rigid aliphatic or aromatic building blocks in polymer structures is an efficient synthetic strategy towards high-Tg polymer materials. In the present work, we have functionalized isosorbide 5-methacrylate with various aromatic lignin-inspired esters to yield a series of isosorbide-2-aryl carboxylate-5-methacrylate monomers (ArIMAs) as single regioisomers. The selection of phenyl

Psykologiska evidensbaserade interventioner som förmedlas via internet och mobila teknologier (Digital Mental Health) har potential att minska tröskeln för att få vård, samt minska svårigheter att få tillgång till behandling på grund av avstånd, kostnader, arbete och familjekonflikter eller begränsad kapacitet hos vårdgivare. Den här typen av hinder utgör en särskild utmaning för personer med deprEvidence-based psychological interventions delivered via the internet and mobile technologies (Digital Mental Health) hold the promise of reducing barriers to care, including difficulties accessing treatment because of distance, cost, work and family commitments, and limited provider capacity. Such barriers represent a particular challenge for individuals with depression and anxiety, that tend to

Riksbanken måste sluta experimentera med svensk ekonomi och återgå till en penningpolitik som ger långsiktig makroekonomisk stabilitet, skriver nationalekonomerna Fredrik NG Andersson och Lars Jonung.Riksbanken måste sluta experimentera med svensk ekonomi och återgå till en penningpolitik som ger långsiktig makroekonomisk stabilitet, skriver nationalekonomerna Fredrik NG Andersson och Lars Jonung.