Towards more horizontality in families? Sibling associations in socio-economic status in the Barcelona area in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries
This paper explores the shift in family influence on socio-economic outcomes, focusing on sibling relationships, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries in the Barcelona area. Our findings reveal a diminishing role of vertical ties (parents–children) and an increasing significance of horizontal ties (between siblings). Specifically, brothers who were first in the sibling group to marry exer