In this chapter various thermal, electronic and chemical devices are described, as well as well as the construction and calibration of a spectroradiometer. A separate section is devoted to the measurement of very weak light, such as the ultraweak luminescence from living cells.

We measure the capacity of multiple-input multiple- output radio systems in microcellular environments.We use a new data evaluation method that allows to evaluate the cumulative distribution function of the capacity from a single measurement. This method is based on an extraction of the parameters of the multipath components and, thereafter, a synthetic variation of their phases. In the analyzed e

The (dynamic) frame model, originating in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology, has recently been applied to change-phenomena traditionally studied within history and philosophy of science. Its application purpose is to account for episodes of conceptual dynamics in the empirical sciences (allegedly) suggestive of incommensurability as evidenced by “ruptures” in the symbolic forms of h

This chapter investigates the location pattern (at the NUTS 2 level) of European-based star scientists (identified by the number of citations they generated in journals in the ISI database) as well as the degree and intensity of knowledge sharing activities performed by the scientific elite in their regions of choice. Using a unique dataset of 197 star scientists, we demonstrate that Europe’s worl

Background Improving knowledge of obstetric danger signs and promoting birth preparedness practices are strategies aimed at enhancing utilization of skilled care in low-income countries. The aim was to explore the association between knowledge of obstetric danger signs and birth preparedness among recently delivered women in south-western Uganda. Methods The study included 764 recently delivered

The first results from the Stopped Beam RISING experimental campaign performed at the GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany, are presented. RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI) constitutes a major new experimental program in European nuclear structure physics research aimed at using relativistic‐energy, projectile‐fragmentation reactions to study nuclei with exotic proton‐to‐neutron ratios.

After a brief introduction (1) this chapter covers: (2) optical tweezers and related techniques, (3) uses of lasers for ablation, desorption, ionization, and dissection, (4) fluorescent labeling, (5) Abbe's diffraction limit to spatial resolution in microscopy, (6) two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, (7) stimulated emission depletion (STED), (8) near-field microscopy, (9) quantum dots a

To the purpose of marine seismic acquisition, new acoustic sources have been developed to reduce the environmental impact. The use of marine vibrators makes it possible to define emission frequency ranges, consequently allowing limitation of the frequencies that disturb marine animal life. Constructing marine vibrators with high efficiency and linear dynamics is however difficult, and the vibrator

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how attitudes toward the return of genomic research results vary internationally. Methods: We analyzed the “Your DNA, Your Say” online survey of public perspectives on genomic data sharing including responses from 36,268 individuals across 22 low-, middle-, and high-income countries, and these were gathered in 15 languages. We analyzed how participan

The aim of this project was to improve the outcome of hip fracture patients by optimizing preoperative pain relief, diminishing the time from admission to operation and reducing the occurrence of pressure ulcers. A retrospective study of all medical records of hip fracture patients from the last 4 months in 1998 was compared with prospective registrations during the same period in 1999 and 2000 af

We investigated the functional impact of a recently described islet-specific loss of sympathetic nerves that occurs soon after the autoimmune destruction of beta-cells in the BB diabetic rat (35). We found that the portal venous (PV) glucagon response to sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) was markedly impaired in newly diabetic BB rats (BB D). We next found a normal glucagon response to intraveno

Infrared and collinear safe event shape distributions and their mean values are determined in e(+)e(-) collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 45 and 202GeV. A phenomenological analysis based on power correction models including hadron mass effects for both differential distributions and mean values is presented. Using power corrections, alpha(s) is extracted from the mean values and shapes.

The size and power of various generalization of the RESET test for functional misspecification are investigated, using the “Bootsrap critical values”, in systems ranging from one to ten equations. The properties of 8 versions of the test are studied using Monte Carlo methods. The results are then compared with another study of Shukur and Edgerton (2002), in which they used the asymptotic critical

BACKGROUND: The optimal management of a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial involving 121 young, active adults with acute ACL injury in which we compared two strategies: structured rehabilitation plus early ACL reconstruction and structured rehabilitation with the option of later ACL reconstruction if needed. The primar

Contesting Kurdish Identities in Sweden explores how young Kurdish immigrants living in Sweden experience and articulate their ideas about citizenship rights, belonging, and statehood as they are shuttled between different citizenship regimes and exclusive structures of belonging. Unlike immigrants who come to Sweden from countries where their groups are dominant, Kurds who immigrate to Sweden re-

Abstract in UndeterminedStabilization and optimal control is studied for state space systems with nonnegative coefficients (positive systems). In particular, we show that a stabilizing distributed feedback controller, when it exists, can be computed using linear programming. The same methods are also used to minimize the closed loop input-output gain. An example devoted to distributed control of a