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A multiple description (MD) coding scheme encodes an image such that each description alone yields an acceptable reconstruction quality, and the descriptions together render increasingly better approximations of the image. Traditionally, each description contributes equally to the reconstruction quality throughout the image. This is inefficient from a coding perspective since all descriptions larg
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There is a shortage of adequate, affordable shelter all over the world. Many households have shelter, but of unacceptable quality with respect to crowdedness, hygienic standard, indoor comfort, safety, security of land tenure, neighbourhood environment. Other families cannot afford their own shelter, but live with relatives or friends under very temporary conditions. Those who cannot afford the ho
Research question: Is the experience of sense of coherence at one’s work influenced by creativity and other factors pertaining to different levels in the organization? Starting from a systems perspective, the leadership level, the work group level, as well as the level of the individual employee were investigated in two studies. Background: Based on empirical and theoretical work it is first propo
This thesis deals with how computationally effective lattice models could be used for inference of data with a continuous spatial index. The fundamental idea is to approximate a Gaussian field with a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) on a lattice. Using a bilinear interpolation at non-lattice locations we get a reasonable model also at non-lattice locations. We can thus exploit the computational
In strategic management, the concept of organizational capabilities appears in two sets of related literatures: the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities approach. The resource-based view treats organizational capabilities as unitary factors that explain cross-sectional industry performance differentials. The dynamic capabilities approach, on the other hand, treats organizational capabi
This thesis is based on two scientific papers. In these papers we study how one can approximate the inventory level of probabilities and the transshipment rates for inventory systems that apply lateral transshipment policies. Both papers consider a single-echelon inventory system consisting of a number of parallel installations, which all face Poisson demand. Normally, the installations replenish
