Software reliability is an important characteristic for most systems, but due to its dynamic properties it is hard to assess until very late in the development. Nevertheless, the testing must be planned to meet the reliability requirements. In test planning, the notion of usage coverage may be used as an indicator of reliability as they are correlated with each other. When the testing is planned,

This paper presents a survey that identifies lead-time consumption in the development and evolution of distributed real-time systems DRTSs. Data has been collected through questionnaires, focused interviews and non-directive interviews with senior designers. Quantitative data has been analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP). A trend in the 11 organizations is that there is a statist

Inspections are widely used in the software engineering community as efficient contributors to reduced fault content and improved product understanding. In order to measure and control the effect and use of inspections, the fault content after an inspection must be estimated. The capture-recapture method, with its origin in biological sciences, is a promising approach for estimation of the remaini

Software plays an increasingly important role in new products of different kinds. Therefore, the need of engineers developing software is continuously increasing. However, computer science education programmes are not enough to fulfill the industrial needs. Software engineering programmes are requested with a holistic approach to the software life cycle and its economics as well as education in mo

Retreating glaciers, icons of climate change, release new potential habitats for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. High-elevation species are threatened by temperature increases and the upward migration of lowlands species. Improving our understanding of successional processes after glacier retreat becomes urgent, especially in the tropics, where glacier shrinkage is particularly fast. We ex

Hur ska vi komma till rätta med de stora utmaningar som den globala klimatkrisen ställer oss inför? Som individer kan vi alla bidra genom att sortera våra sopor, köra miljövänligt, eller kanske välja att ta cykeln till jobbet. Alla våra individuella bidrag räknas förstås. Men stora delar av vår mänskliga förmåga att förändra världen kommer inte från hur vi agerar var och en, utan från vår gemensamThe world is facing a climate crisis and established firms are set to play a critical role in the societal changes that are needed to defeat it. At the same time, digital technologies are advancing to enable many of the technological solutions that will be required. Together, these two trends, toward greater environmental sustainability and digitalized business, superficially suggest opportunities

IPCC's Sixth Assessment is a landmark in recognizing social justice and local knowledge as imperative for successful climate adaptation; however, taking this new scientific consensus seriously has profound implications. While narratives of fossil fuel companies and closing climate windows often dominate climate politics, there is an urgent need for new thinking frames, especially given that everyd

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are molecularly heterogeneous mesenchymal cells that interact with malignant cells and immune cells and confer both anti- and pro-tumorigenic functions. Prior in situ profiling studies of human CAFs have largely relied on scoring single markers, thus presenting a very limited view of their molecular complexity. Our objective was to study the complex

Background and aim: Allergic asthma is a complex inflammatory disease involving type 2 innate lymphoid cells, type 2 T helper cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. The disease is characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, coughing, chest tightness and variable airflow limitation for which there is no cure and is symptomatically treated with inhaled corticosteroids and β2-agonists. Molecular mechanisms und

This study analyzes how risk attitudes influence the agricultural productivity of men and women in a sub- Saharan African country, Burkina Faso. By using a large representative panel survey of farmers, the results show that as female farmers increase risk taking, the productivity of female-owned plots goes down. The study controls for various socio-economic factors and explores how the diversity oThis study analyzes how risk attitudes influence the agricultural productivity of men and women in a sub- Saharan African country, Burkina Faso. By using a large representative panel survey of farmers, the results show that as female farmers increase risk taking, the productivity of female-owned plots goes down. The study controls for various socio-economic factors and explores how the diversity o

Black carbon (BC), spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are carbonaceous pollutants affecting the climate, environment, and human health. International regulations limit their emissions, and the present emissions are followed by monitoring programs. However, the monitoring programs have limited spatio-temporal coverage and only span the last decades.