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Probing control in B. licheniformis fermentations

This paper presents the implementation of the probing control technique in an industrially relevant fed-batch fermentation process utilizing the microorganism Bacillus lichenifor has been done in pilot-scale experiments. The aim of the work is firstly to find out whether it is posuccessfully implement probing control in B. licheniformis fermentations. Secondly, it is to find out whing control can

Balancing the Waiting Times in a Simple Traffic Intersection Model

We propose a novel dynamical model of a simple traffic intersection, where the state variables represent the queue lengths and the mean waiting times in the queues. Including the mean waiting times in the model allows for a more fair traffic control, where the waiting times of the individual vehicles in the various streets of the intersection are taken into account to some degree. The model is lin

State Responsibility and the Primary-Secondary Rules Terminology: : The Role of Language for an Understanding of the International Legal System

In the international legal literature, it is commonplace to talk about the law of state responsibility as secondary rules of law. The terminology emphasises that in some way or another the law of state responsibility is different from other rules of the international legal system – what international legal scholars refer to as primary rules of law. The present essay inquires into the soundness of

A law unto itself. The ECJ and the rot of sovereignty: the case of income taxation.

The paper argues that the European Court of Justice has, on the strength of its perceived mandate to uphold the four freedoms, created a jurisprudential ground for intervention even in areas where the member states nominally retain full sovereignty, and where the right of veto in the Council is the explicit norm. This means that the Court has, of its own accord, adopted an integrative role which h

The evolution of respiratory chain complex I from smaller functional modules

Popular Abstract in English The cell is the basic unit in all organisms. The molecular machinery in cells converts the energy in sunlight or food into a form of energy that the cell can use for physiological processes in the organism. In humans, this molecular machinery is located in the mitochondria; therefore they are often called the power plants of the cell. The molecular machines are actuallyNADH:quinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, is a large membrane bound enzyme in the respiratory chain of living organisms, that has evolved from the combination of smaller functional building blocks. The enzyme has a conserved core structure, comprising 14 protein subunits: Seven subunits protrude from the membrane and contain a flavin and eight iron-sulfur clusters. The remaining seven subunits in