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Towards a Resource-based Theory of Value Appropriation: An Appropriation Factor Framework

This paper highlights the problem resource-based theory faces in explaining value appropriation and proposes a framework that addresses how resources affect bargaining power and value appropriation. The appropriation factor framework presented in this paper states that particular resources, termed appropriation factors, affect bargaining power, and thus the possibility for economic agents of appro

A 15 GHz and a 20 GHz low noise amplifier in 90 nm RF CMOS

The design and measured performance of two low-noise amplifiers at 15 GHz and 20 GHz realized in a 90 nm RF-CMOS process are presented in this work. The 15 GHz LNA achieves a power gain of 12.9 dB, a noise figure of 2.0 dB and an input referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of -2.3 dBm. The 20 GHz LNA has a power gain of 8.6 dB, a noise figure of 3.0 dB and an IIP3 of 5.6 dBm. Compared to pre

Closed-Loop Combustion Control Using Ion-Current Signals in a 6-Cylinder Port-Injected Natural-gas Engine

High EGR rates combined with turbocharging has been identified as a promising way to increase the maximum load and efficiency of heavy-duty spark ignition engines. With stoichiometric conditions a three-way catalyst can be used which means that regulated emissions can be kept at very low levels. Obtaining reliable spark ignition is difficult however with high pressure and dilution. There will be a

Frequency Deviations and Generation Scheduling in the Nordic System

Abstract in UndeterminedHigh penetration of variable generation such as wind power increases the demands on frequency control. The same applies to island operation and in particular if this involves variable generation, which is planned at the Danish island Bornholm. While it is obvious that the frequency control need to be considered, the disturbances caused to this control by the hourly dispatch