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The post-failure convergence of the shortest path routing (SPR) protocols used in IP networks can be too slow to meet the restrictive requirements (i.e., maximum allowable delay, jitter, etc.) of the multimedia services and therefore new restoration mechanisms combined with IP routing are of interest. The paper addresses optimization of three potential rerouting mechanisms based on the IP fast rer

The interaction of bi-isonicotinic acid (4,4[prime]-dicarboxy-2,2[prime]-bipyridine) with the Au(111) surface has been investigated using electron spectroscopic techniques. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra show that monolayers of the molecule lie flat to the surface and also reveal that the monolayer is sensitive to the preparation conditions employed. Core level x-ray ph

Diffusive-ballistic heat transport in a two-dimensional square plate was simulated using energy conserving dissipative particle dynamics (DPDe). The solution domain was considered to be a two-dimensional square plate surrounded by walls at constant temperatures, where DPD particles are uniformly distributed. The effects of phonon mean free path was incorporated by its relation to the cutoff radius

This paper describes some preliminary results regarding Time-Domain pulse Reflection (TDR) measurements and modeling performed on the Baltic Cable submarine HVDC link between southern Sweden and northern Germany. The measurements were conducted in collaboration between the Linnaeus University, Lund University, Baltic Cable AB and ABB High Voltage Cables AB, and is part of the research project: “Fu

In organisms encountering predictable environments, fixed development is expected, whereas in organisms that cannot predict their future environment, phenotypic plasticity would be optimal to increase local adaptation. To test this prediction we experimentally compared phenotypic plasticity in two rockyshore snail species; Littorina saxatilis releasing miniature snails on the shore, and Littorina

During the first months of 1887, while completing the drafts of his Mitteilungen zur Lehre vom Transfiniten, Georg Cantor maintained a continuous correspondence with Benno Kerry. Their exchange essentially concerned two main topics in the philosophy of mathematics, namely, (a) the concept of natural number and (b) the infinitesimals. Cantor's and Kerry's positions turned out to be irreconcilable,

A practical optical link system was prepared with a transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) for reducing EMI (electromagnetic interference). The optical TRx module consisted of a metal optical bench, a module printed circuit board (PCB), a driver/receiver IC, a VCSEL/PD array, and an optical link block composed of plastic optical fiber (POF). For the optical interconnection between the light-sources an

The amount of electrical loads and the complexity of the electric system in a vehicle is increasing at the same time as the allowed development time is getting shorter. Possibilities to predict the electromagnetic behaviour is therefore of great importance. In this paper, a method for determining the parasitic components affecting crosstalk in a cable harness is proposed. The method suggests that

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the maternal country of origin affected the risk for perinatal mortality and to determine its relationship to risk factors.

Pheromones are chemical signals, that is, carriers of information between individuals within a species. Pheromones induce a physiological or behavioral response in the receiving individual, and often play a crucial role in mate finding and other interactions among animals. Most pheromone research has been done with insects, and in particular with species regarded as pests. For these, application o