Batch processes are becoming more and more important in the chemical process industry, where they are used in the manufacture of specialty materials, which often are highly profitable. Some examples where batch processes are important are the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, polymers, and semiconductors. The focus of this thesis is exception handling and fault detection in batch control. In the

An open, crossover and randomized study was carried out to compare the safety and efficacy of salbutamol inhaled using the dry-powder inhaler Turbuhaler, and using a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Twelve patients with moderate to severe asthma, aged 47-68 years, were included in the study. On two separate days, patients received a total dose of 1600 micrograms of salbutamol administered

In this Letter, we report the electronic spectrum of the allyl radical, obtained with multiconfigurational perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2). The assignment of the spectrum is in accordance with experiment to within 0.2 eV. We have computed the complete first Rydberg series and the beginning of the second Rydberg series. A new valence-excited 2B1 state has been found which has hitherto been hidden b

We present numerical simulations that reproduce the salient features of the amazingly strong [Fe ii andFe ii emission spectra in the B and D Weigelt blobs of Carinae. For our studies we have used spectraobtained during the 1998 epoch observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spectrum of the Band D Weigelt blobs dominates in [Fe ii and Fe ii emission lines. The same observations show

An excess mortality is well described after vertebral fracture. Deaths are in part related to co-morbidity, but could also be due to the fracture event itself, either directly or indirectly. The aim of this study was to examine the quantum and pattern of mortality following vertebral fracture. We identified 16,051 men and women aged 50 years or more with a vertebral fracture that required hospital

The search for an enzyme as a reagent for selective bioanalytical detection of the neurotoxic amino acid, beta-N-oxalyl-L-,alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid, beta-ODAP (found in grass pea, Lathyrus sativus) led to its redox catalytic reaction by glutamate oxidase (GluOx). Homogeneous kinetic studies and an immobilized GluOx reactor-based flow-injection assay were initially made for beta-ODAP with s

[abstract missing]

New combinations and other nomenclatural notes on the Juncaceae (Juncus sections Iridifolii, Steirochloa and Juncotypus) are proposed within the framework of the preparation of the “Flora of the World” monograph of the family. New combinations are proposed in Juncus prismatocarpus, J. arcticus, J. balticus and J. effusus. On the basis of the new evaluation of Pacific North American plants examined

A growing empirical literature has investigated attitudes towards discounting of health benefits with regard to social choices of life-saving and health-improving measures and individuals' time preferences for the management of their own health. In this study, the authors elicited the time preferences of vascular surgeons in the context of management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms, for which

The hydroxyl radical (.OH) is believed to act as the small non-enzymatic agent involved in the brown-rot decay of wood. However, knowledge about the relation between hydroxyl radical production and the activity of wood-decomposing fungi in wood or about the significance of these radicals during interactions with other organisms is limited due to a lack of reliable methods for detecting the radical