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Alternative RON estimation method by using pressure oscillation analysis, serving novel spark ignition fuel development

For almost a century, the knock-resisting ability of a spark ignition fuel has been quantified with the RON and MON indications, conforming to the corresponding ASTM-D2699 and D2700 methods, respectively. These testing methods rely on specific pressure pickup technology that acts like a low-pass signal filter, thereby cutting off high frequency cylinder pressure information. Within a second-genera

Current and emerging sequencing-based tools for precision cancer medicine

Current precision cancer medicine is dependent on the analyses of a plethora of clinically relevant genomic aberrations. During the last decade, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has gradually replaced most other methods for precision cancer diagnostics, spanning from targeted tumor-informed assays and gene panel sequencing to global whole-genome and whole-transcriptome sequencing analyses. The shi

Multiscale pollen-based reconstructions of anthropogenic land-cover change in Karula Upland, south Estonia

Pollen-based quantitative vegetation reconstructions using multiple sedimentary basins from the same area, along with their quantified relevant pollen source areas, are a powerful means to study how long-term human impact has affected vegetation and shaped the currently protected heritage landscapes at different spatial scales. Our study presents the outcome of a palynological investigation in Kar

Beyond rating scales : With targeted evaluation, large language models are poised for psychological assessment

In this narrative review, we survey recent empirical evaluations of AI-based language assessments and present a case for the technology of large language models to be poised for changing standardized psychological assessment. Artificial intelligence has been undergoing a purported “paradigm shift” initiated by new machine learning models, large language models (e.g., BERT, LAMMA, and that behind C

Social concerns related to HIV status disclosure and participation in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV care among pregnant women in Kenya

BackgroundSocial concerns about unintentional HIV status disclosure and HIV-related stigma are barriers to pregnant women’s access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) care. There is limited quantitative evidence of women’s social and emotional barriers to PMTCT care and HIV disclosure. We aimed to investigate how social concerns related to participation in PMTCT care are aBackground: Social concerns about unintentional HIV status disclosure and HIV-related stigma are barriers to pregnant women's access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) care. There is limited quantitative evidence of women's social and emotional barriers to PMTCT care and HIV disclosure. We aimed to investigate how social concerns related to participation in PMTCT care are

Wetter trend in source region of Yangtze River by runoff simulating based on Grid-RCCC-WBM

Exploring the future hydroclimatic conditions of source region of Yangtze River (SRYaR), an alpine affected by climate change significantly, is essential for basin water resources management and development ss global climate change intensifies and the process of climate warming and humidification in Northwest China. This study proposed a practical framework for assessing water resource response to

The effect of weekly interactive text-messaging on early infant HIV testing in Kenya: a randomised controlled trial (WelTel PMTCT)

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains a significant concern in Africa despite earlier progress. Early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV is crucial to reduce mortality among infected infants through early treatment initiation. However, a large proportion of HIV-exposed infants are still not tested in Kenya. Our objective was to investigate whether weekly interactive text-messages improved preventMother-to-child transmission of HIV remains a significant concern in Africa despite earlier progress. Early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV is crucial to reduce mortality among infected infants through early treatment initiation. However, a large proportion of HIV-exposed infants are still not tested in Kenya. Our objective was to investigate whether weekly interactive text-messages improved prevent

The effect of an interactive weekly text-messaging intervention on retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV care: a randomised controlled trial (WelTel PMTCT)

Retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care is critical to prevent vertical HIV transmission and reduce morbidity and mortality of mother-infant pairs. We investigated whether weekly, interactive text-messaging improved 18-month postpartum retention in PMTCT care. This randomised, two-armed, parallel trial was conducted at six PMTCT clinics in western Kenya. Pregnant womenRetention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care is critical to prevent vertical HIV transmission and reduce morbidity and mortality of mother-infant pairs. We investigated whether weekly, interactive text-messaging improved 18-month postpartum retention in PMTCT care. This randomised, two-armed, parallel trial was conducted at six PMTCT clinics in western Kenya. Pregnant women

The use, adherence, and evaluation of interactive text-messaging among women admitted to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV care in Kenya (WelTel PMTCT)

BackgroundTo improve future mobile health (mHealth) interventions in resource-limited settings, knowledge of participants’ adherence to interactive interventions is needed, but previous studies are limited. We aimed to investigate how women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) care in Kenya used, adhered to, and evaluated an interactive text-messaging intervention.MethodsWeBackground: To improve future mobile health (mHealth) interventions in resource-limited settings, knowledge of participants’ adherence to interactive interventions is needed, but previous studies are limited. We aimed to investigate how women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) care in Kenya used, adhered to, and evaluated an interactive text-messaging intervention. Method

Curriculum Emphases, Mathematics and Teaching Practices : Swedish Upper-Secondary Physics Teachers’ views

This article addresses physics teachers’ views about physics teaching in upper-secondary school. Their views have been investigated nationwide through a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire has been developed based on several published instruments and is part of an ongoing project on the role of mathematics in physics teaching at upper-secondary school. The selected part of the results from

University students’ general and specific beliefs about infinity, division by zero and denseness of the number line

A study of university students’ beliefs about infinity and related concepts, e.g. division by zero and denseness of the number line, was conducted. The concepts were chosen for the students’ proven cognitive challenge in coping with them, and part of the study was to analyze individual beliefs of the different concepts in relation to each other. A questionnaire was designed to discover relationshi

Reality-Theoretical models-Mathematics: A ternary perspective on physics lessons in upper-secondary school

This article discusses the role of mathematics during physics lessons in upper-secondary school. Mathematics is an inherent part of theoretical models in physics and makes powerful predictions of natural phenomena possible. Ability to use both theoretical models and mathematics is central in physics. This paper takes as a starting point that the relations made during physics lessons between the th

“Just-in-time teaching” in undergraduate mathematics

We compared five groups of students to investigate the effects of ”Just-in-time teaching” (JiTT), a method designed to both help students keep up with the often fast pace of undergraduate calculus and to deepen their learning. In total, 137 students participated in the study. The outcome is discussed in terms of conceptual and procedural knowledge in relation to examination and other assessment ta

Flexibility and coordination among acts of visualization and analysis in a pattern generalization activity

This study aims at exploring processes of flexibility and coordination among acts of visualization and analysis in students’ attempt to reach a general formula for a three-dimensional pattern generalizing task.The investigation draws on a case-study analysis of two 15-year-old girls working together on a task in which they are asked to calculate the number of blocks in a three-dimensional tower of

An attempt to investigate the use of mathematics in physics classrooms

We outline a framework to study the use of mathematics in physics classrooms. The framework focuses on the relations made between Reality, Theoretical models and Mathematics. In this paper the analyses of one teacher and her 3rd year classes at secondary school are presented. The results show that phenomena in reality are often used as a short prelude to put focus on the relationship theoretical m

University students’ understandings of concept relations and preferred representations of continuity and differentiability

The aim of the study reported in this paper is to investigate how students understand continuity and differentiability during and after a calculus course. The students’ choices of representations, both claimed and acted, were also studied. The study is part of a larger study of four student groups taking a calculus course. 207 students answered a questionnaire during the course and of them, 11were