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Recent evidence suggests that the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) variants in breast cancer may interfere with wild-type (wt) ER function and be related to tumor progression and resistance to hormone treatment. One of these variants, ER delta E5, lacking that part of the hormone-binding domain encoded by exon 5, has previously been identified in breast tumors with the unusual estrogen recepto
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in adults, accounts for approximately 30-40% of newly diagnosed lymphomas worldwide. Environmental factors, such as viruses and bacteria, may contribute to cancer development through chronic inflammation and the integration of oncogenes, and have previously been indicated in cervical cancer, hepatocellular
Few studies describe the comprehensive immunophenotypic pattern of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) in the bone marrow and its treatment. This retrospective analysis evaluates the diagnostic flow cytometry (FCM) pattern and outcome of nine patients diagnosed with BPDCN. A four-tube 10-color FCM panel used for diagnosis of acute leukemia (AL), showed cells in the blast gate (CD4
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by erythrocytosis and associated with burdensome symptoms, reduced quality of life, risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications, and risk of transformation to myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukemia. The discovery of the JAK2 V617 mutation marked a significant milestone in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and subsequ
INTRODUCTION: Resent research has revealed an increased concentration of free fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in maternal serum from patients who subsequently develops preeclampsia (PE). In a previous study of 96 patients we have shown that HbF in combination with the heme-scavenger alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) are potential predictive biomarkers of PE.OBJECTIVES: In this validating case-control study we ai
Background: Most malignant lymphomas in HIV-patients are caused by reactivation of EBV-infection. Some lymphomas have a very rapid fulminant course. HHV-8 has also been reported to be a cause of lymphoma. The role of CMV in the development of lymphoma is not clear, though both CMV and HHV-8 have been reported in tissues adjacent to the tumour in Burkitt lymphoma patients. Here we present a patient
Bone marrow (BM) tissue biopsy evaluation, including trephine biopsy and clot section, is an integral part of BM investigation and is often followed by ancillary studies, in particular immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC provides in situ coupling of morphological assessment and immunophenotype. The number of different IHC tests that can be applied to BM trephine biopsies and the number of indications
Objectives: This session of the Society for Hematopathology/ European Association for Haematopathology Workshop focused on acute leukemias of ambiguous origin. Methods: We provide an overview of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) as recognized in the current World Health Organization classification and summarize diagnostic criteria for major categories of MPAL: B/myeloid, T/myeloid, B/T, and B/
This review focuses on the most recent literature concerning flow cytometry (FCM) application for diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Aberrant FCM results have been defined as abnormalities in at least three tested features comprising at least two bone marrow (BM) cell compartments. FCM results should be interpreted together with the BM smear cytology, the morphological assessment of BM b
Background We have designed one-tube 14-antibody 10-color flow cytometry (FCM) panel that would provide maximum information on lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets in bone marrow aspirates (BMA) from patients with cytopenia(s). Samples and Methods BMA from 8 normal donors, from 286 non-malignant hospital controls, 92 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 47 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and from 14
Acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms and lymphomas are the most prevalent diagnoses in adults presenting with new onset cytopenia. Here, we describe two 10-color panels of surface markers (screening and comprehensive panel) applied at the Flow Cytometry Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. A 10-color flow cytometry is applied using th
Background: Therapy directed at the central nervous system (CNS) is an essential part of the treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The current evaluation of CNS involvement based on cytomorphological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alone is not as sensitive with low cell counts as flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) of the CSF. However, the importance of low
There are two broad classes (or categories) of excised human tissue: diagnostic tissue (DT) and research tissue (RT). Classification of excised human tissue does not define its ultimate use and ultimate use of excised human tissue does not define its classification. While both DT and RT can be used for research, DT has specific requirements with respect to how it must be handled if and when being
Dendritic cells (DCs) develop in the bone marrow from haematopoietic progenitor cells. Two subsets, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs), have been identified. Little is known regarding DC levels in bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) before and after chemotherapy. We investigated relative pDC and mDC levels in bone marrow from 37 hospital controls and 60 patients
Definite progress has been made in the exploration of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) by flow cytometry (FCM) since the publication of the World Health Organization 2008 classification of myeloid neoplasms. An international working party initiated within the European LeukemiaNet and extended to include members from Australia, Canada, Japan, Taiwan and the United States has, through several worksho
Context: Megakaryocytes are the "hallmark" of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis; their morphology in correlation with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2 V617F) mutation as well as clinical and laboratory parameters remains unknown.Objective: To assess the morphology of megakaryocytes in bone marrow biops
