The majority of African states continue to be regarded as extractivestates. We use the Cape Colony’s public expenditure to account for theemergence of extractive states in Africa. With a sub-imperial role forSothern African colonial expansion, the Cape Colony became a templatefor extractive practices that continue to characterize the region. Usingpublic expenditure data, budget debates and existin

We compute the O(αs) QCD corrections to charged triple vector boson production at a hadron collider, i.e., the processes pp→ZZW±+X and pp→W±W W±+X. Intermediate Higgs boson exchange effects, spin correlations from leptonic vector boson decays, and off shell contributions are all taken into account. Results are implemented in a fully flexible Monte Carlo program that allows for an easy customizatio

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are characterized by dimorphism for reproductive phenotypes (i.e. tactical dimorphism). Tactical dimorphism often evolves as a response to differing phenotypic optima for a shared reproductive trait between members of the same sex in a species. We characterized dimorphism for body shape between ARTs in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus and investi

Local adaptation in hermaphrodite species can be based on a variety of fitness components, including survival, as well as both female and male sex-functions within individuals. When selection via female and male fitness components varies spatially (e.g. due to environmental heterogeneity), local adaptation will depend, in part, on variation in selection through each fitness component, and the exte

A short review is presented for the most commonly used general purpose event generators for heavy ion physics, HIJING, AMPT, and EPOS. A new model, called Angantyr, is presented. It is (similar to HIJING) an extrapolation of pp dynamics to collisions with nuclei. Diffractive excitation of individual nucleons has significant effects in nucleus collisions, and here Angantyr is the first model which

im To describe the population of patients with previously diagnosed peripheral artery disease (PAD) experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI) and to investigate 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE: all-cause mortality, reinfarction, stroke and heart failure hospitalisation) following MI.Background MI patients with PAD constitute a high-risk population with adverse cardiac outcomes. Contempor

BACKGROUND: The assessment of the peritoneal membrane capacity and physiology of the individual patient is becoming increasingly important. It allows the prescription of an individualized peritoneal dialysis (PD)-regimen, and the monitoring of peritoneal membrane function over time. The PDC(TM) program offers the possibility to evaluate the peritoneal membrane characteristics and to predict solute

In this paper, we give simple explanations to two unsolved puzzles that have emerged in recent theoretical studies in population dynamics. First, the tendency of some model populations to go extinct from high population densities, and second, the positive effect of autocorrelated environments on extinction risks for some model populations. Both phenomena are given general explanations by simple, l

Based on previous observations of the diurnal variation of urinary cystine excretion, the use of separate day and night urine collections was proposed. To improve the medical treatment of patients with cystinuria, this strategy was performed to guide the fluid intake and the administration of SH compounds (tiopronin, D-penicillamine, and MESNA).Twenty-six patients (19 treated with SH compounds and

In this report, we describe visualization during transesophageal echocardiography of an embolus leaving the heart from the mitral valve of a patient with infective endocarditis.

BACKGROUND: Elevation of haemoglobin (Hb) with recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEpo) in patients with chronic renal failure has raised concern of increased risk of thromboembolic diseases. In this study, a substudy of the Scandinavian multicentre trial, we examined the influence on haemostatic parameters of normalization of Hb levels from subnormal levels in patients with chronic renal failure.METHO

Renovascular disease as cause of end-stage renal disease has become more frequent during the last decade. In order to minimize the need for dialysis treatment non-invasive screening for the disease is needed. However, both ultrasonic duplex scanning and renal scintigraphy are not sufficient for detection of all stenosis. Furthermore, there is little data on non-invasive tests in patients with rena