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Popular Abstract in Swedish Intraoperativ strålbehandling (IORT) innebär att en hög engångsstråldos ges direkt under operation till den kirurgiskt frilagda tumören och/eller kvarvarande tumörrester. Den vanligaste typen av strålning som används vid denna behandlingsform är elektronstrålning från konventionella medicinska linjäracceleratorer. Det krävs dock att ett speciellt applikatorsystem finns The aim of this work was to quantify limitations of and uncertainties in commonly used dosimetric techniques for relative absorbed dose determination in degraded electron beams, such as those encountered in intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and small-electron-field radiotherapy. Three different detector types were investigated with regard to measurements of output factors and relative absorb

Today’s debate about the EC and its future can be grouped along two main lines. On the one side are those who hold that the EC is a grouping of sovereign states for the purposes of international cooperation. On the other side are those who maintain that the EC is a new political society that unites the citizens of Europe in a new political and legal community where the question of the sovereignty

A selection of papers on language history, grammaticalization, language policy, teaching Swedish in schools etc. Some of them more technical than others.

Belief and Rationality

Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige insjuknar årligen drygt 6000 kvinnor i bröstcancer. Antalet nyinsjuknade kvinnor i sjukdomen stiger något för varje år samtidigt som dödligheten minskar. En av orsaken till den minskade dödligheten är modern medicinsk behandling som idag kompletterar den kirurgiska behandlingen. Sjukdomsförloppet vid bröstcancer är mycket varierande beroende på tumörens utbredBackground: Treatment of primary breast cancer is individualised and adjuvant systemic treatment is delivered to most patients after surgery. Oestrogen receptor (ER) status and progesterone receptor status (PR) can define patients who would benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen (TAM) alone or as chemo-endocrine therapy. In spite of adjuvant treatment with TAM, some patients with h

Many communication systems obtain enhanced performance by using concatenated coding schemes. Turbo codes and woven convolutional codes are two examples of such schemes. The component codes used in these schemes operate at rates close to or even above capacity where the free distance of a code is not relevant anymore and other distance properties have to be taken into account. This thesis consists

The present study was performed in order to get a better understanding of the influence of the scanning angle interval on navigation performance, gestures and strategies in a more realistic outdoor setting. Results indicate that users are able to handle a wide range of angle intervals. We observe different gestures and strategies and provide recommendations for suitable angle intervals. Our observ

The incidence of evaporating `black widow' pulsars (BWPs) among all millisecond pulsars is far higher in globular clusters than in the field. This implies a special formation mechanism for them in clusters. Cluster millisecond pulsars in wide binaries with white dwarf companions exchange them for turnoff-mass stars. These new companions eventually overflow their Roche lobes because of encounters a