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Vita albina-mutanter i korn kan inte skapa ordentliga kloroplaster Albinism i växter beror på att de är oförmögna att skapa någon typ av pigment. Det huvudsakliga pigmentet i växter är det gröna klorofyllet. Klorofyll möjliggör växter att ta upp energi från solen, och befinner sig i organellerna kloroplaster inuti växtens celler. Utan fungerande kloroplaster kan växterna inte skapa något klorofylIn barley (Hordeum vulgare), induced mutations can cause a white albina phenotype with a complete lack of pigmentation in the plant tissues. The chloroplasts are also undeveloped in albina mutants. By identifying the genes carrying the causal mutations, knowledge would be obtained about the genetic machinery involved in chloroplast development and pigment biosynthesis. In this work, I have identif

Intracellulära CD59 proteinerna IRIS-1 och IRIS-2 i hjärnan Tidigare har två nya varianter av CD59 proteinet vid namn ”Isoforms Rescuing Insulin Secretion 1/2” (IRIS-1/2) upptäckts i betaceller inuti bukspottskörteln som bland annat är kroppens insulinfabrik, där de visat sig reglera exporten av insulin ut i blodet. Detta sker via ett protein komplex som kallas SNARE komplexet. Dessa proteiner foRecently, two intracellular isoforms of CD59 were discovered in pancreatic beta cells. They proved crucial for insulin secretion and were named Isoforms Rescuing Insulin Secretion 1 and 2 (IRIS-1 and IRIS-2), whose expression decreased in type 2 diabetes (T2D). IRIS-1 and 2 were found across many different tissues on the mRNA level, including the brain. This Master's Thesis focuses on the role

Background: Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a protein that belongs to the nuclear receptor family. It is regulating the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis. Approximately 75% of breast cancers express ERα, making it an important target for treatment. Researchers have identified various isoforms of ERα, with the most well-characterized one being a 6

Antibiotics commonly used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are believed to elicit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of their bactericidal mechanism. Depending on their concentration, ROS can either induce cell death by damaging proteins, lipids, and DNA or cause mutations that can lead to antibiotic resistance. Hence, antioxidant defenses, including catalase enzymes, a

Digital integrated circuits are fundamental to modern electronic devices, with increasing design complexity requiring robust verification methods to ensure error free functionality. This thesis examines the critical role of formal verification in digital Integrated Circuits (IC) design, particularly during the architecture modeling phase. Using a state machine module that controls clock frequency

A mutation in ferrochelatase causes the tiger-like appearance of barley mutants The study of plants provides people with knowledge that can be used for a variety of purposes, including advances in agriculture, food production and nature conservation. Barley is an important crop that was domesticated about 10,000 years ago. It can self-fertilize, rarely crosses with other plant species and a singl

Retinoblastoma Gene's Role in Salamander Superpowers Imagine if humans could regenerate lost limbs or repair damaged organs as easily as changing a worn-out part of a car. Sounds like science fiction, right? Yet, for the salamander Pleurodeles waltl, a creature native to Spain and parts of North Africa, this is just another day in the pond. In our study, we dive into the world of these amphib

Connected to the ongoing global challenges relating to soil fertility loss and food security, there has been a recent upswing of alternative management practices (AMPs) within the agricultural sector. These methods are often focused on maximising soil health by safeguarding the below ground ecosystem and by increasing soil organic content. Consequently, AMPs tend to build resilience towards distur

Moderna lösningar inom Artificiell Intelligens (AI) kan åstadkomma otroliga saker, till exempel OpenAIs ChatGPT med förmågan att besvara nästan vad som helst på ett ögonblick. Kraften hos dessa typer av AI kommer med en baksida, nämligen den enorma energiförbrukningen. Den största boven i detta är det faktum att inuti datorn som modellen körs på så måste data kontinuerligt överföras fram och tillbAs data serves an increasingly central role in trending topics within computation, it has become clear that the Von Neumann architecture of the modern computer is the major bottleneck in terms of energy consumption and latency. Neuromorphic computing is an emerging computing paradigm that seeks to overcome this bottleneck through the unification of memory and logic, analogous to the energy efficie

The construction sector is undergoing substantial growth and there are many challenges to address. One challenge is building defects, which affect the structural integrity and put the structure at risk. A common and intrusive building defect is moisture, which can slowly expand and lead to complicated defect detection. Moisture intrusion can cause many issues in the structure of the building and p

This thesis investigates Nestlé’s impunity for aiding and abetting forms of child labour in Côte d’Ivoire through analysing the landmark case Doe v. Nestlé. By employing a qualitative content analysis, this study disseminates the nearly two-decade court battle of oral arguments before the Supreme Court, amicus briefs from interested third parties, court rulings, as well as an interview with the le

Gesture has been acknowledged as a pivotal part of delivery in political rhetoric for millennia. Typically, politicians are seen as adhering to a style of gesturing encouraging pragmatic gestures, namely those that operate on the level of discourse such as providing emphasis, while being discouraged from using representational gestures, namely those depicting the content of speech iconically, as t

This study investigates the potential loss of memory details as a consequence of making successful associative inferences using the associative inference (AI) paradigm with naturalistic stimuli mimicking realistic interactions (AB,BC,and AC). It also aims to further our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the production of integrated memory representations—whether through integrative encod

This thesis presents an approach to improving pulse processing in singlephoton spectroscopy, focusing on crosstalk detection and correction in x-ray microcalorimeters. The work integrates advanced mathematical models, including Jacobian and Hessian computations, Hamiltonian Neural Networks (HNNs), and the application of negative probabilities to optimize Shannon entropy. These models are embedded

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is increasingly utilized across various practical domains, requiring continual development and optimization of supporting technologies. An essential aspect of this progress is the efficient testing of WPT Systems. This thesis explores optimization of the testing process using Machine Learning(ML) and data analysis, applied on historical data represented by test outcom

This thesis explores the state-of-the-art methods for the optimization of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting with a view of increasing the efficiency of the Radio Frequency to Direct Current (RF-to-DC) conversion, which is a key parameter in the creation of Zero Energy Devices (ZEDs) in the context of Internet of Things (IoT). The research focuses on waveform

Safe and clean drinking water delivery is challenged by climate change, as elevated temperatures can promote the growth of pathogens and other detrimental microorganisms. The microbial processes underlying drinking water production in slow sand filters (SSFs) are largely uncharacterized, limiting the possibilities of improving this technology. Periodical clogging, potentially by microbes, disrupts

The dynamics of China’s complex policy process, shaped by the decentralization reforms of the 1980s, remain the subject of much discussion. As China spent three years adhering to its eradication strategy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, it seems that the relevant theories from the past need to be updated. The purpose of this study was to understand how irrational decisions were made and why u

In this written study, I have researched video game music from the 90’s and early 2000’s to see what I can learn from the process of composing music for video games, as well as how the hardware and software capabilities of the game consoles shaped the music. First it presents my own background and relation to the subject, next it establishes what functionally separates video game music from conven