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Phenotypic variation is generated by the processes of development, with some variants arising more readily than others—a phenomenon known as“developmental bias.”Developmental bias and natural selection have often been portrayed as alternative explanations, but this is a false dichotomy: developmental bias can evolve through natural selection, and bias and selection jointly influence phenotypic evo
In China, a large private sector has evolved alongside a still sizeable state-owned sector that is subject to government control. Several studies have found that in this mixed economy, the private sector is economically more efficient than the state-owned sector. In this paper, we investigate whether private firms are also more carbon efficient than state-owned firms. Using a macroeconomic panel dIn China, a large private sector has evolved alongside a still sizeable state-owned sector that is subject to government control. Several studies have found that in this mixed economy, the private sector is economically more efficient than the state-owned sector. In this paper, we investigate whether private firms are also more carbon efficient than state-owned firms. Using a macroeconomic panel d
This note considers a panel data model in which the variable of interest has undergone a common structural break in the mean. The object of interest is the unknown breakpoint. The challenge is to device an estimator that is consistent when the data are cross‐correlated and the number of time periods T is fixed and cannot be increased without bound. The proposed solution involves taking an already
This paper provides asymptotic optimality results for panel unit root tests with covariates by deriving the Gaussian power envelope. The main conclusion is that the use of covariates holds considerable promise in the panel data context, much more so than in the time series context. In fact, the use of the covariates not only leads to increased power, but can actually have an order effect on the sh
This article develops two block bootstrap-based panel predictability test procedures that are valid under very general conditions. Some of the allowable features include cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneous predictive slopes, persistent predictors, and complex error dynamics, including cross-unit endogeneity. While the first test procedure tests if there is any predictability at all, the seco
During the last decades, the use of wood as construction material in multi-story buildings has increased in Europe. Compared to conventional concrete buildings, wood buildings are more sensitive to dynamic loading at low frequencies. Also, the response to dynamic loading is in general more difficult to predict for wood buildings, given a certain degree of accuracy. This is a consequence of the com
Since 2010, the Chilean government has backed a progressive increase of non-conventional renewable energies sources (NCRES) to put forward the country's energy independence from fossil fuels, and therefore from imports, and to reduce its CO2 emissions. The analysis of the final energy consumptionchanges via a structural decomposition analysis, based on the Input-Output Tables for Chile in the peri
The Paris Climate Agreement defined an ambition of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels. This has triggered research on stringent emission reduction targets and corresponding mitigation pathways across energy economy and societal systems. Driven by methodological considerations, supply side and carbon dioxide removal options feature prominently in the emerging pathway liter
This paper revisits the Power Resource Theory by testing one of its more influential claims: the relation between the strength of the labor movement and the reduction of industrial conflicts. Using panel data techniques to analyze more than 2,000 strikes in 103 Swedish towns we test whether a shift in the balance of power towards Social Democratic rule was associated with fewer strikes. The focus
