We study the spin-polarized tunneling of electrons from the valence band of GaMnAs into the conduction band of n-type GaAs with Si delta-doping at the interface. The injection of spin-polarized electrons is detected as circular polarized emission from a GaInAs/GaAs quantum well light emitting diode, corresponding to magneto-optical Kerr effect loops. The angular momentum selection rules are simpli

Background. Device failure is a limitation of permanent mechanical circulatory support. We studied the mechanical reliability of the Jarvik 2000 Heart, an axial flow pump with ceramic bearings designed to provide more than 10 years' durability. Methods. The Jarvik 2000 Heart was implanted in 102 patients between April 2000 and December 2004. Eighty-three pumps with an abdominal driveline were impl

Fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) estimated using power Doppler ultrasound (PDU) is a sensitive technique to detect slow blood movement. However, several factors as; depth, attenuation and blood characteristics can affect the PDU signals. The aim of this study was to standardized and validate the FMBV measurement compensating for the factors that can affect the final results, in order to accur

We have developed an optical technique called ballistic imaging to view breakup of the near-field of an atomizing spray. In this paper, we describe the successful use of a time-gated ballistic imaging instrument to obtain single-shot images of core region breakup in a transient, single hole atomizing diesel fuel spray issuing into one atmosphere. We present a sequence of images taken at the nozzle

Certain human biotransformation enzymes have been implicated in the formation and scavenging of the ultimate reactive metabolites, the diolepoxides, from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the present study, performed on aluminum smelter workers, we have analyzed airborne PAH, the pyrene metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in urine, and genotypes for biotransformation enzymes involved in P

This article presents two new models that give a perspective on green chemistry (GC). The first model is a classification model of different green chemistry activities, while the second model concerns green chemistry policy and knowledge areas (green chemistry principles, industrial biotechnology and "the green sector"). A broad view of green chemistry is used, where all activities with the aim of

Objective: Reduced muscle function, causing greater knee joint load, is a potentially modifiable risk factor of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Exercise is an important treatment of knee CA, but the effect on joint load has not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise on knee adduction moment during one-leg rise and gait. Design: Patients below age 65 with early s

The long term effects of driving with an active accelerator pedal (AAP) on driver behaviour was studied by using an in car observation method. The AAP produced a counterforce in the accelerator pedal when the speed limit was reached, it could however be overridden by pressing the accelerator pedal harder. Twenty-eight drivers were studied when driving without the AAP and then when driving with the

Primary objective: To test the effectiveness of a cognitive training programme in children and adolescents with attention and memory deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI). Research design: Randomized controlled study. Participants: Thirty-eight children with ABI, 9 - 16 years of age. Methods and procedures: The treatment group trained with the cognitive programme for 30 minutes per day intera

In order to test the potential effect of prior exposure to different Cd concentrations on Cd uptake and accumulation, plants of Arabidopsis thaliana, including a phytochelatin-deficient mutant, cad1-3, and the wild type, were compared. For Cd uptake experiments, plants were grown for 1 week in nutrient solution containing different Cd concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 muM Cd(NO3)(2)

Background Pre-transplant clinical evaluation of autografting is an important step in predicting post-transplant support, complications and safety. Today, unfavorable outcomes such as early death or graft failure are rare, making them unsuitable for quality assessment of supportive autografting. However, end-points constructed from frequently occurring clinical events may estimate clinically relev

The SF-36 is a well-validated health status instrument measuring eight different health concepts. One aim of this study was to compare health status as measured by SF-36 in subjects from the general population with no chronic pain (NCP), chronic regional pain (CRP), and chronic widespread pain (CWP). A second aim was to assess if SF-36 could reflect changes in pain status over time. A third aim wa

Using coherent x-ray speckle metrology, we have measured the influence of disorder on major loop return point memory (RPM) and complementary point memory (CPM) for a series of perpendicular anisotropy Co/Pt multilayer films. In the low disorder limit, the domain structures show no memory with field cycling-no RPM and no CPM. With increasing disorder, we observe the onset and the saturation of both

In-growth mesh bags were used to quantify the production of external mycelium of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in the field. Colonization of the mesh bags was followed by visual estimation of the amount of mycelium, and by measuring fungal biomarkers (the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 18 : 2 omega6,9 and ergosterol). Mesh bags were placed inside and outside plots that were root isolated in order to

The immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) has been shown to have neuroprotective action. The inhibition of both calcineurin activation and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) opening are considered the primary neuroprotective mechanisms of CsA. Here we have evaluated the effect of CsA on significantly reducing infarct size induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)

Fire functional traits (postfire resprouting and seeding) are considered to be adaptations for persisting in fire-prone environments. Although ecological and evolutionary consequences of sprouting have been extensively discussed, within-species genetic variability and structure are unknown. Here we report levels and distribution patterns of genetic polymorphisms in postfire stands of the predomina