Functionally distinct subsets within the T-helper (CD4+) cell population have been described in man, rat and mouse. We have shown previously that the CD4+ 45R- human lymphocytes are producers of IL-2 within 24 hr of polyclonal stimulation and are the major interferon (IFN) producers. The mAbs 4B4 (CDw29) and Leu 8 (p80) are here used together with Leu-18 (CD45R) to characterize the subpopulations

Purpose. Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic widespread pain (CWP) find physical activity troublesome. The purpose was to develop a questionnaire to investigate the experience of physical activity in FM and CWP populations. Method. A questionnaire was developed from a qualitative study. After that, a total of 204 patients with FM or CWP completed the questionnaire. A factor analysis was co

The effect of vaginal washing with chlorhexidine acetate, 2 g/l at delivery, on the colonization of the urogenital tract with group B streptococci (GBS) 4 days later was investigated. Patients who were culture-positive for GBS in urethra and/or cervix in pregnancy weeks 32 and 36 as well as at delivery were included in a prospective study. The washing procedure was performed in 31 parturients, and

We analyse recent experiments on momentum shearing interferometry of electron wave packets1,2 by using an optical analogy with shearing interferometry for optical waves. This analogy offers a convenient point of view to discuss the capabilities and difficulties of this technique used to access the phase of electron wave packets.

Recent developments in European energy policy reveal an increasing interest in implementing the so-called ‘Tradable White Certificate’ (TWC) schemes to improve energy efficiency. Based on three evaluation criteria (cost-effectiveness, environmental effectiveness and distributional equity) this paper analyses the implications of implementing a European-wide TWC scheme targeting the household and co

The entrepreneur is the central actor in generating entrepreneurial activity. Thus, it is important to understand the motivational characteristics and variables associated with entrepreneurial behavior spurring people to become entrepreneurs. For this study, a comparative analysis of high-tech entrepreneurs in Switzerland and the UK was undertaken to determine the extent to which they differ in te

Increased QT dispersion and loss of sinus rhythm were both associated with sudden cardiac death in patients with transposition of the great arteries after Mustard and Senning operations at the early and late postoperative periods. A combination of increased QT dispersion with loss of sinus rhythm increases the positive predictive value for sudden cardiac death in patients with transposition of the

We present a method for parametrizing the Zeeman effect in hydrogen-like systems in high-temperature plasmas, where the fine-structure is completely unresolved. The method is based on the observation that the different polarization components behave collectively like separate entities, with simple relations. The entire Zeeman pattern can then be reduced to just three components, whose dependence o

In the rat, gastric histamine is stored mainly in the enterochromaffinlike cells. Gastrin releases histamine from these cells, and long-term hypergastrinemia results in hyperplasia. The effect of sustained hypergastrinemia on histamine-depleted enterochromaffinlike cells was studied by measuring histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine concentrations and by using quantitative histology. Hype

All molecular analyses of soil bacterial diversity are based on the extraction of a representative fraction of cellular DNA. Methods of DNA extraction for this purpose are divided into two categories: those in which cells are lysed within the soil (direct extraction) and those in which cells are first removed from soil (cell extraction) and then lysed. The purpose of this study was to compare a me

For an economically feasible production of ethanol from plant biomass by microbial cells, the fermentation of xylose is important. As xylose uptake might be a limiting step for xylose fermentation by recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells a study of xylose uptake was performed. After deletion of all of the 18 hexose-transporter genes, the ability of the cells to take up and to

Surfactants are present in almost all aqueous solutions-either as additives for different purposes, or because they occur naturally. Because of the common occurrence of surfactants in process water it is important to know how they behave in membrane processes. Ultrafiltration membranes allow almost complete passage of surfactant monomers, but reject micelles almost completely. Concentration polari

The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder molecularly characterized by fusion of various 5' partner genes to the 3' part of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene at 8p, resulting in constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase activity contained within FGFR1. EMS is associated with a high risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (A

In the present study, we investigated if the previously observed JNK-mediated activation of c-Jun and induction of ATF3 could be ascribed to axonal transport of JNK signaling components, or if axonal transport of the transcription factors themselves contributes to the nuclear changes in injured sensory neurons. We observed retrograde axonal transport of a number of JNK upstream kinases in ligated

Pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) self-diffusion coefficient (D-PEG) as a function of NaCl concentration (C-NaCl) and denaturation time (t(D)) in whey protein solutions and gels. D-PEG in the gel decreased with increasing C-NaCl concentrations and increased with increasing t(D); the increase ceased for all PEGs when the gel was fixed. This

The system that regulates insulin secretion from beta-cells in the islet of Langerhans has a capsaicin-sensitive inhibitory component. As calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-expressing primary sensory fibers innervate the islets, and a major proportion of the CGRP-containing primary sensory neurons is sensitive to capsaicin, the islet-innervating sensory fibers may represent the capsaicin-sensi