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New tools are being developed to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). There is a trend to move from empirical factors to simple comprehensive and more complex process-based models. Thus, the main objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of using process-based dynamic models to better evaluate GHG emissions. This is tackled by defining a

A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) is performed to study the ignition and the combustion process of a primary reference fuel (PRF) under conditions relevant to partially premixed combustion (PPC) engines. Detailed transport properties together with a skeletal PRF chemical kinetic mechanism are employed in the simulations. The initial partially premixed charge is prescribed accor

We present new major and trace element, high-precision high-field-strength-element, hafnium and neodymium isotope data for well preserved Eoarchean TTGs within the Itsaq Gneiss Complex (IGC) of southern West Greenland. These data are combined with thermodynamic model predictions of partial melting and fractional crystallization to gain new insights into continental crust formation in the Archean.

The possibility of using 1,3-regioselective lipases for the synthesis of 2-monoolein and 1,2-diolein by ethanolysis of triolein was evaluated. The reactions were carried out in aqueous/organic two-phase systems, achieving high reaction rates due to the interfacial activation of the lipases. Different lipases and reaction conditions were screened. Commercially available lipases were used without pu

The Narodichesky region, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine, is situated ∼80 km from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, which exploded in 1986 and polluted the environment. A previous study found that children living in villages with high activity of (137)Cesium (Cs) in the soil had decreased levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and thrombocytes. These findings motivated the present study that used a more com

Semiconductor nanowires are key building blocks for the next generation of light-emitting diodes, solar cells and batteries. To fabricate functional nanowire-based devices on an industrial scale requires an efficient methodology that enables the mass production of nanowires with perfect crystallinity, reproducible and controlled dimensions and material composition, and low cost. So far there have

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals

Previous studies have suggested that dietary factors may be important in the development of bladder cancer. We examined macronutrient intake in relation to risk of urothelial cell carcinoma among 469,339 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified by sex, age at recruitment and centre and further adj

Most forms of contemporary preaching elevate the role of the listeners, who are seen as co-constructors of the sermon. This article investigates how preachers may respond to a call from homiletics to 'turn-to-the-listener' through their deployment of metadiscourse, operationalized as a framework for understanding preaching not primarily as gospel proclamation, but as a form of social and communica

UV-B radiation (280–315 nm) is an integral part of solar radiation and has many harmful effects on plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism for the inhibition of plant growth by UV-B remains largely unknown. UV-B radiation induces various responses such as growth inhibition, DNA damage and changes of gene expression. Recently, by using synchronous root tip culture, we found t

Background There is currently no standardized process for long-term follow-up care. As a result, management of post-stroke care varies greatly, and the needs of stroke survivors are not fully addressed. The Post Stroke Checklist was developed by the Global Stroke Community Advisory Panel as a means of standardizing long-term stroke care. Since its development, the Post Stroke Checklist has gained

Abstract in Undetermined Assume that in periods with stochastic demand remain until the next replenishment arrives at a central warehouse. How should the available inventory be allocated among N retailers? This paper presents a new policy and a new lower bound for the expected cost of this problem. The lower bound becomes tight as N -> infinity. The infinite horizon problem then decomposes into N

Previous studies have reported an association between exercise during youth and increased areal bone mineral density at old age. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if exercise during growth was independently associated with greater cortical bone size and whole bone strength in weight-bearing bone in old men. The tibia and radius were measured using both peripheral quantitative comput

In a corner of the Egyptian revolutionary drama, the fisherfolk of the northern Nile Delta have begun to organise. They suffer an indicative predicament. The two great lagoons of Borullus and Manzala have largely been enclosed by fish farms as the Mubarak regime sought to expand Egypt's aquaculture industry. On the other hand, the sea is threatening to submerge the ground on which the very same fi

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder directed against the β cells of the pancreatic islets. The genetic risk of the disease is linked to HLA-DQ risk alleles and unknown environmental triggers. In most countries, only 10-15% of children or young adults newly diagnosed with T1DM have a first-degree relative with the disease. Autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2 or the ZnT

Non-stretched laminar burning velocities, SL, of acetaldehyde + air mixtures at initial gas mixture temperatures, T, of 298, 318, 338, 348 and 358 K are reported for the first time. The flames were stabilized on a perforated plate burner at 1 atm using the heat flux method at conditions where the net heat loss from the flame to the burner is zero. Uncertainties of the measurements were analyzed an