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This chapter presents a brief summary and state-of-the-art overview of computational methods in heat transfer equipment, that is, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for thermal problems and turbulence modeling for single-phase applications in the design, research, and development of heat exchangers. Some examples for real heat exchangers are shown to demonstrate how CFD methods can be used
Carbohydrates in Food, Third Edition provides thorough and authoritative coverage of the chemical analysis, structure, functional properties, analytical methods, and nutritional relevance of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides used in food. Carbohydrates have become a hot topic in the debate about what to eat. This new edition includes increased treatment of resistant starch, dieta
An important link has been found between telomere deregulation and several age- related diseases, such as cancer and metabolic diseases (Sanders and Newman 2013, Rizvi et al. 2014). Short telomeres have been described in peripheral blood cells from patients with cancer, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and in obese individuals.
Unfortunately, contemporary population-based studies on the epidemiology of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) are lacking owing to low autopsy rates and reporting of only patients who have surgery. e overall incidence of AMI between 1970 and 1982 in the city of Malmö, Sweden, diagnosed at either autopsy or operation, was 12.9 per 100,000 person-years. e autopsy rate in this population was 87%. Amon
If, as indicated by some studies, prudent diets such as the Mediterranean or DASH diets can be further improved, an evolutionary approach may be helpful. Paleolithic diets represent the food habits during more than two million years of hominid and human evolution before the development of agriculture. Fruits, tubers, nuts, lean meat, larvae, insects, fish, shellfish, eggs, honey, and a large varie
This chapter describes how cryogels have evolved as promising matrices in various biotechnological and biomedical application areas. Cryogels date back nearly 40 years and here we describe the origin of these materials followed by characterization and their applications and also emphasize the differences in cryogelation and other related techniques. The main aim is to familiarize readers with the
The idea of using the thermal mass of a building to maintain a more constant indoor climate is not new. This particular propertyof a building, including its exterior envelope, plays an important part in the reduction of peak power demands, which is becomingan increasingly urgent issue for the heating energy suppliers. The latest smart-grid technology creates new opportunities wherecommunication be
Emulsions are found in a wide variety of food products, pharmaceuticals, paints, and cosmetics, thus emulsification is a truly multidisciplinary phenomenon. Therefore understanding of the process must evolve from the combination of (at least) three different scientific specializations. Engineering Aspects of Food Emulsification and Homogenization describes the state-of-the-art technology and bring
In Activity Based Working Environment (ABWE) offices, employees are allowed increased autonomy and are expected to choose where, when, with whom, and to some degree with what, to work; in other words, employees are expected to self-lead to a higher degree and to coordinateand align with colleagues. Effectsof these expectations on employees’cogniti
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) fueled by hydrogen are considered to be most suitable for automotive applications owing to their fast dynamics and high power densities. However, the performances are limited primarily by processes in PEMFCs appeared in the catalyst layers (CLs), which highly dependon themicroscopic structure-related properties.TheCLs at both the anode and cathode h
The discovery of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) as an upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) led to the identification of several related kinases that also rely on LKB1 for their catalytic activity. Among these, the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) have emerged as key regulators of metabolism. Unlike AMPK, SIKs do not respond to nucleotides, but their function is regulated by extracellular s
Concerns regarding environmental issues have led to increasing efforts for investigating sustainable production routes for the future industry that is based on renewable resources. Among the biobased chemicals, the C3-chemicals 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), have been identified as top candidates for the chemical industry. Lactobacil
