A fully integrated digitally controlled PLL used as a clock multiplying circuit is designed and fabricated. The PLL has no off-chip components and it is made from standard cells found in most digital standard cell libraries. It is therefore portable between processes as an IP-block. Using a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process and a 3.0 V supply, the PLL has a frequency range of 152 MHz to 366 MHz and oc

STUDY OBJECTIVES---To study geographical differences in diastolic blood pressure and the influence of the social environment (census percentage of people with low educational achievement) on individual diastolic blood pressure level, after controlling for individual age and educational achievement. To compare the results of multilevel and ecological analyses. DESIGN---Cross sectional analysis perf

We report on [001] InP nanowires grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy directly on (001) InP substrates. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveals wires with nearly square cross sections and a perfect zinc-blende crystalline structure that is free of stacking faults. Photoluminescence measurements of single [001] nanowires exhibit a narrow an

Three-Terminal ballistic junctions (TBJs) and planar quantum-wire transistors (QWTs) are emerging nanoelectronic devices with various novel electrical properties. In this work, we realize novel nanoelectronic analogue and digital circuits with TBJs and planar QWTs made on In0.75Ga0.25As/InP two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) material. First we show that a single TBJ can work as a frequency mixer

OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Several chemokines are important for monocyte/macrophage and T-cell recruitment to the lesion. CXCL16 is a recently discovered chemokine that is expressed in soluble and transmembrane forms, ligates CXCR6 chemokine receptor, and guides migration of activated Th1 and Tc1 cells. It is identical to scavenger receptor SR-PSOX, which mediates uptak

A general thermodynamic model of the concentration polarization phenomena of colloidal particles at a membrane surface is presented. The model is based on the balance between a thermodynamic force, due to the osmotic pressure gradient, and a frictional force, due to the fluid flow around each particle. A cell model description is used to model the concentration dependence of the thermodynamic forc

The neurotransmitter peptides vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are located in nerve fibers supplying the pig choroid plexus, which receives an abundant sympathetic innervation. We characterized the release of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) from this tissue elicited by electrical field stimulation and studied the effects of the above-m

Formation of insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) between RNA and polycations was followed by measuring the residual RNA absorbance in the solution after separation of the precipitate. The polycations studied were poly(N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium) chloride (pendant type) and 2,5-ionene bromide (integral type) with quaternary amino groups in every monomer unit. The data obtained were compared

Aim: To estimate hazard ratio (HR) of first incident fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in female/male type 2 diabetic patients, with tight versus adverse control of HbA1c and blood pressure (BP) at baseline, age 30-70 years, no baseline CVD, followed for mean 5.7 years. Methods: 2593 patients with tight control of HbA1c

This paper presents an experiment with a linguistic support tool for consolidation of requirements sets. The experiment is designed based on the requirements management process at a large market-driven software development company that develops generic solutions to satisfy many different customers. New requirements and requests for information are continuously issued, which must be analyzed and re

ABSTRACT In species with separate sexes, antagonistic selection on males and females (intralocus sexual conflict) can result in a gender load that can be resolved through the evolution of sexual dimorphism. We present data on intralocus sexual conflict over immune defense in a natural population of free-ranging lizards (Uta stansburiana) and discuss the resolution of this conflict. Intralocus sexu

We investigate universal properties of strongly confined particles that turn out to be dramatically different from what is observed for electrons in atoms and molecules. For a large class of harmonically confined systems, such as small quantum dots and optically trapped atoms, many-body particle addition and removal energies, and energy gaps, are accurately obtained from single-particle eigenvalue

Aim: Metformin is the 'drug-of-first-choice' in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its antihyperglycaemic and cardiovascular protective potentials. In non-obese patients with T2DM, insulin secretagogues are empirically used as first choice. In this investigator-initiated trial, we evaluated the effect of metformin vs. an insulin secretagogue, repaglinide on glycaemic regula

This paper analyzes the recently undertaken restructuring of the Ministry of Health in Uganda, which was carried out because the previous structure did not comply well with the decentralization framework or policy. The Ministry was put under pressure by higher political levels, supported by the donor community, to restructure. The paper describes the principles that were guiding this operation, an