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In the present study the incidence of reflux, stricture formation and changes in glomerular filtration rate in patients with the submucosal tunnel or the Camey-Le Duc technique of ureteric implantation into the caecum/detubularized right colon used for continent cutaneous diversion/orthotopic bladder substitution was investigated. Reflux was found in two renal units and ureterointestinal stenosis

Gaps 10 mm wide in the sciatic nerves of 64 rats were bridged by bioartificial nerve grafts consisting of a silicone tube containing seven longitudinally placed filaments made of non-absorbable, (polyamide [Ethilon]) or absorbable, material (polydioxanone [PDS], polyglactin [Vicryl], and catgut). The purpose was to study the organisation of axonal growth inside the tube along such filaments. After

Psychological theories have traditionally assumed that moral judgment is caused by a reasoning process. This idea was challenged in two experiments. In the first participants were asked to make judgments in tasks set up to produce a conflict between intuition and reason. In the second, participants made judgments of morally questionable actions that were described either in a vividly disgusting wa

Concentrations of ammonia in air and ammonium in surface water were measured from a platform in the Southern North Sea close to the Dutch coast. Fluxes were derived from the measurements applying Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and exchange velocities calculated. The fluxes and air concentrations of ammonia were compared to results obtained from the Lagrangian transport-chemistry model ACDEP with

In this paper error bounds for truncated balanced linear time-varying systems in discrete time are obtained. The analysis is based on direct calculations with the time-varying observability and controllability Lyapunov inequalities. The obtained bounds in the induced l-script -norm generalize well-known error-bound formulas for time-invariant systems. The case of time-varying state-space dimension

The main benefit of HCCI engines compared to SI engines is improved fuel economy. The drawback is the diluted combustion with a substantially smaller operating range if not some kind of supercharging is used. The reasons for the higher brake efficiency in HCCI engines can be summarized in lower pumping losses and higher thermodynamic efficiency, due to higher compression ratio and higher ratio of

Patients with mild asthma may benefit from increasing their inhaled corticosteroid dose, adding a tong-acting beta(2)-agonist, or both. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of these options. Patients aged greater than or equal to12 years with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma (n = 1272) were randomised to twice-daily, double-blind treatment with budesonide 100 mug, budesonide 100 mug plus f

Crack development due to imposed strains in different types of concrete structures and with varying boundary conditions is studied in order to improve control of cracking. A previously developed two-dimensional FE-method is used, with closing forces in cracks concentrated to spring elements. Temperature changes are used as load, and the calculations are performed stepwise with opening of nodes and

Mammalian mitochondrial genomes are organized in a conserved and extremely compact manner, encoding molecules that play a vital role in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and carry out a number of other important biological functions. A large-scale screening of the normalized mitochondrial gene expression profiles generated from publicly available mammalian serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE

This study comprises a technical and economic analysis of the production of fuel ethanol by fermentation of a pentose-rich hydrolysate with recombinant Escherichia coli, strain KO11. Hydrolysate from steam-pretreated willow was used as raw material in calculations regarding the fermentation. The calculations were based on a feed capacity of 10 metric tons of dry willow per hour to the pretreatment

The use of molecular genetic technology for blood group typing is becoming routine procedure in many reference laboratories worldwide. A First International Workshop was organized on behalf of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) and the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH). Thirty laboratories that provide a molecular diagnostic service participated in

We have monitored electrical activity, voltage-gated Ca2+ currents, and exocytosis in single rat glucagon-secreting pancreatic A-cells. The A-cells were electrically excitable and generated spontaneous Na+- and Ca2+-dependent action potentials. Under basal conditions, exocytosis was tightly linked to Ca2+ influx through omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive (N-type) Ca2+ channels. Stimulation of the A-ce

The possibility to prepare fused tetrazole- and imidazole derivatives by iodocyclization in moderate to excellent yields is demonstrated. In some examples the cyclizations were not following Baldwin's rules entirely, i.e. exo-selectivity. Nucleophilic substitution of the formed iodides gave different results depending on the hardness of the nucleophile. Thus, elimination of the iodide could be a p