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We have measured the effects of disulfide crosslinks on the thermodynamics of denaturation of three mutants of barnase that contain cystine and the corresponding single and double cysteine mutants. At first sight, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that disulfide crosslinks stabilise proteins through entropic destabilisation of the denatured state, but the decreases in the entropy of dena

BACKGROUND: Oxytocin is released in response to a meal. Further, mRNA for oxytocin and its receptor have been found throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was therefore to examine whether oxytocin, or the receptor antagonist atosiban, influence the gastric emptying. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (five men) were examined regarding gastric emptying at three different occ

The immediate evaluation of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency department (ED) has remained almost unchanged for decades. At the same time, therapy for established ACS has undergone a remarkable and successful change towards early active intervention. Studies show that 7 out of 10 patients admitted with a suspicion of ACS do not have it, and that 2-5% of the pat

Swimming trajectories of length-matched deep-bodied and shallow-bodied crucian carp were quantified in the laboratory using motion analysis software and compared in terms of swimming velocity, turning behaviour and associated coefficients of variation. The mean velocities of the two morphs were similar, but slower than predicted, and there was no difference in turning behaviour. In line with predi

We analyzed the radiographic and clinical outcome of the ScanHip total hip arthroplasty in 70 patients after 10 years. The Swedish National Hip Register, in which the end-point of the survival analysis is defined as revisions, reported a 10-year survival rate of 94% with the ScanHip, but in the present series 13% of the femoral stems and 29% of the sockets met the criteria for aseptic loosening. F

In order to determine the relevance of abdominal aortic dilatation, knowledge of the normal aortic diameter and its relation to age, sex and body size (height, weight, body surface area) is essential. The diameter of the infrarenal aorta was measured in 146 healthy males and females 4-74 years old with ultrasonography and the influence of the aforesaid factors on aortic diameter was analysed by me

1. Shallow lake ecosystems are normally dominated by submerged and emergent plants. Biological stabilising mechanisms help preserve this dominance. The systems may switch to dominance by phytoplankton, however, with loss of submerged plants. This process usually takes place against a background of increasing nutrient loadings but also requires additional switch mechanisms, which damage the plants

In the region near 1 µm, we have found laser action in a quantum transition between highly excited states of Fe II, with its higher levels being optically pumped by the intense H Ly radiation (1215 Å) formed in the ionized HII region of a gas condensation (blob B) in the close vicinity of the central star in Carinae.

We present algorithms for crack and inclusion problems in planar linear elastostatics. The algorithms are based on new integral equations. For the pure crack problem the integral equations are of Fredholm's second kind. Our algorithms show great stability and allow for solutions to problems more complex than have previously been possible. Our results are orders of magnitudes more accurate than tho

Semantic memory access has been characterized as abnormal in schizophrenia, but findings concerning automatic spreading activation at short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) have been inconsistent. Using the N400 as an indicator of semantic priming, a recent study (Mathalon, Faustman, & Ford, 2002) found evidence of hyperpriming in schizophrenic patients in a picture verification task. The pre

We assess the most popular maintenance approaches, i.e. strategies, policies, or philosophies, using a fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) evaluation methodology. We illustrate with two examples how the suggested evaluation methodology identifies the most informative approach. Using the fuzzy MCDM, it would be possible to select in advance, the most informative (efficient) maintenance a

In a 5-year study involving 119 postmenopausal women, zoledronic acid 4 mg given once-yearly for 2, 3 or 5 years was well tolerated with no evidence of excessive bone turnover reduction or any safety signals. BMD increased significantly. Bone turnover markers decreased from baseline and were maintained within premenopausal reference ranges. Introduction After completion of the core study, two cons

The Philosophical Investigations starts with a quotation from St. Augustine on language learning. The usual reconstruction of Wittgenstein's criticism of St. Augustine's view on language focusses on meaning — that is, the picture theory which he had in common with Wittgenstein's own earlier views. This paper shows that Wittgenstein in discussing ostensive definition, understanding, and the private