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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a master variable in aquatic systems. Modern fluorescence techniques couple measurements of excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectra and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to determine fluorescent DOM (FDOM) components and DOM quality. However, the molecular signatures associated with PARAFAC components are poorly defined. In the current study we characterized riv

Plants continue to grow and generate new organs in symmetric patterns throughout their lives. This development requires an interconnected regulation of genes, hormones, and anisotropic growth, which in part is guided by environmental cues. Recently, several studies have used a combination of experiments and mathematical modeling to elucidate the mechanisms behind different growth and molecular pat

In synthetic aperture radar one wishes to reconstruct the reflectivity function of a region on the ground from a set of radar measurements taken at several angles. The ground reflectivity is found by interpolating measured samples, which typically lie on a polar grid in frequency space, to an equally spaced rectangular grid in frequency space, then computing an inverse Fourier transform. The class

Properties of varved sediments from Lake Logurinn in eastern Iceland and their link to climate and glacial processes of Eyjabakkajokull, an outlet glacier of the Vatnajokull icecap, were examined. A varve chronology, which covers the period AD 1262-2005, was constructed from visual observations, high-resolution images, X-ray density and geochemical properties determined from X-radiography and X-ra

The composition and surface structure of dietary lipids influence their intestinal degradation. Intake of liposomes made of fractionated oat oil (LOO) is suggested to affect the digestion process and postprandial lipemia and also induce satiety.

We develop a Wold decomposition for the shift semigroup on the Hardy space H-2 of square summable Dirichlet series convergent in the half-plane R(s) > 1/2. As an application we have that a shift invariant subspace of H-2 is unitarily equivalent to H-2 if and only if it has the form phi H-2 for some H-2-inner function phi.

In order to elucidate aspects of the mechanism of the hydrolytic enzyme urease, theoretical calculations were undertaken on a model of the active site, using density functional theory. The bridging oxygen donor that has been found in the crystal structures was determined to be a hydroxide ion. The initial coordination of urea at the active site occurs most likely through the urea oxygen to the nic

Prior study children from a DTaP efficacy trial were recruited at ages 5 and 15 years to randomized booster trials addressing immunogenicity and reactogenicity; 475 preschool children received mixed or separate injections of a reduced antigen vaccine (Tdap5, Sanofi Pasteur MSD) and an inactivated polio vaccine, and 230 adolescents received the same or another booster vaccine (Tdap1, SSI, Denmark).

Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, is being tested as a potential disease modifying treatment for neurodegenerative conditions. To limit the peripheral exposure of bexarotene and release it only in the affected areas of the brain, we designed a prodrug strategy based on the enzyme NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) that is elevated in neurodegenerative diseases. A series of indole

Background. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are fatal, noncurable, but treatable diseases that strongly affect the patients. Objective. To describe patients' experience of information relating to PAH or CTEPH. Methods. A qualitative method using content analysis was applied. Seventeen patients (thirteen women and four men) aged 28-73

BackgroundVariants within the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene are recognized as the most frequent genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 variation related to disease susceptibility displays many features that reflect the nature of complex, late-onset sporadic disorders like Parkinson's disease. MethodsThe Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium recently

Apart from acting synergistically or additively, threats to species may be associated or disassociated. Here we link global data on threatened Chordata species, mainly birds, mammals, and amphibians, with a probabilistic methodology to test whether the impact from invasive alien species co-occurs purely randomly, associated, or disassociated with impact from nine other major threats to biodiversit

Drawing on the literature on active objects and combining it with an ethnographic study of engineering work, this paper offers an alternative and complementary understanding of the problem of control in knowledge-intensive work. This problem concerns largely the question of how creative processes of knowing are enabled on behalf of the organization. The dominant response to this question revolves

This systematic review was designed to provide more precise effect estimates of inhibitor development for the various types of F8 gene mutations in patients with severe hemophilia A. The primary outcome was inhibitor development and the secondary outcome was high-titer-inhibitor development. Asystematic literature search was performed to include cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals w

The adsorption induced conformational changes of human carbonic anhydrase I (HCAi) and pseudo wild type human carbonic anhydrase II truncated at the 17th residue at the N-terminus (trHCAii) were studied in presence of nanoparticles of different sizes and polarities. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies showed that the binding to apolar surfaces is affected by the nanoparticle size in com

Portable biosensor systems would benefit from reduced dependency on external power supplies as well as from further miniaturization and increased detection rate. Systems built around self-propelled biological molecular motors and cytoskeletal filaments hold significant promise in these regards as they are built from nanoscale components that enable nanoseparation independent of fluidic pumping. Pr