Mobile hosts like birds occupy a wide array of habitats in which they encounter various vector and parasite faunas. If the infection probability for vector-borne parasites varies among seasons and biomes, a migratory life can critically influence the infections of a host. The growing body of literature on avian blood parasites suggests that host migrations do not only influence prevalence of infec

Whether long-distance animal migration facilitates or hampers pathogen transmission depends on how infections affect the routes and timing of migrating hosts. If an infection directly or indirectly impedes migratory flight capacity, infected individuals lag behind their uninfected conspecifics. Although such temporal segregation can limit parasite transmission and thus play an important role for h

Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected individuals will have compromised aerobic capacity, but this has not been examined in free-living birds.

Migratory birds often move significantly within their nonbreeding range before returning to breed. It remains unresolved under which circumstances individuals relocate, whether movement patterns are consistent between populations and to what degree the individuals benefit from the intra-tropical movement (ITM). We tracked adult great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus from a central and a sou

Long-term shifts in vegetation phenology generally follow the pattern of global warming. Yet, topographical complexity and biome diversity cause uneven spatial trends in the phenological response of vegetation to climate change. If phenology changes similarly along migration routes, individuals may adequately respond by shifting the whole migration schedule to still time life history with local ph

Over decades it has been unclear how individual migratory songbirds cross large ecological barriers such as seas or deserts. By deploying light-level geolocators on four songbird species weighing only about 12 g, we found that these otherwise mainly nocturnal migrants seem to regularly extend their nocturnal flights into the day when crossing the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. The propor

In migratory birds, morphological adaptations for efficient migratory flight often oppose morphological adaptations for efficient behavior during resident periods. This includes adaptations in wing shape for either flying long distances or foraging in the vegetation and in climate-driven variation of body size. In addition, the timing of migratory flights and particularly the timely arrival at loc

A literature review of methods where different hazards are combined into a multi-hazard index or method are presented in this report. The purpose of the review is to get an insight into approaches to combine different hazards into a multi-hazard index or method.To directly combine hazards, it is necessary to present them with the same unit of measure. This can be done with different measures for nA literature review of methods where different hazards are combined into a multi-hazard index or method are presented in this report. The purpose of the review is to get an insight into approaches to combine different hazards into a multi-hazard index or method. To directly combine hazards, it is necessary to present them with the same unit of measure. This can be done with different measures for

North Sámi has a class of derived verbs called sensive verbs. Descriptively, these verbs are formed by adding the suffix /ʃ/ to an adjectival or nominal base, and the resulting verb means ‘find [object] (too) ADJECTIVE/NOUN’. In this paper it is argued that the sensive verbs do not involve any psychological verb, and the suffix is not specified as “sensive” in the lexicon. Rather, the suffix is spNorth Sámi has a class of derived verbs called sensive verbs. Descriptively, these verbs are formed by adding the suffix /ʃ/ to an adjectival or nominal base, and the resulting verb means ‘find [object] (too) ADJECTIVE/NOUN’. In this paper it is argued that the sensive verbs do not involve any psychological verb, and the suffix is not specified as “sensive” in the lexicon. Rather, the suffix is sp

Få, om noen, kan gjøre Jomfru Maria rangen stridig som mest betydningsfull kvinneskikkelse i den kristne verden – iallfall slik religionen ser ut i dag. Blant katolikker og ortodokse er hun gjenstand for en nesten bunnløs folkelig hengivenhet, og mange protestanter nærer dyp kjærlighet til og respekt for henne. Også muslimer verden over oppfatter Jesu mor som et forbilde og søker blant annet henne

Severe COVID-19 can result in pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Accumulation of mucus in the airways is a hall mark of the disease and can result in hypoxemia. Here, we show that quantitative proteome analysis of the sputum from severe COVID-19 patients reveal high levels of neutrophil extracellular trap(s) (NETs) components, which was confirmed by microscopy. Extracellular DNA from excessi

Understanding how maritime hunter-gatherer diets changed through time in response to increasing social complexity can help us understand important transitions in early human history. This paper presents new baseline stable isotope values for southern California with an emphasis on marine plant and animal species. We use our baseline database to reevaluate human stable isotope values from the regio

Numbers are used for exact and approximative estimations. The numbers used in approximative expressions are typically so-called round numbers, such as 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, 1,000, and such numbers are also very frequent in texts. This article presents evidence that some numbers are rounder than others and discusses how the roundness of a number can be derived from its contents of the base n