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Study Design. A register cohort study.Objective. To evaluate outcome of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis without concomitant degenerative spondylolisthesis according to predominance of pain and to analyze the role of spinal fusion in conjunction with decompression in patients with predominant back or leg pain.Summary of Background Data. Predominance of back pain is associated with inferior outco

Since 2009, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime has seen the emergence of several new political groups. This article analyses how the new political groups are positioning themselves in relation to the key UNFCCC principles (the North–South divide and ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities’, CBDR/ RC). Drawing on original data, in

Finegoldia magna is a Gram-positive anaerobic commensal of the human skin microbiota, but also known to act as an opportunistic pathogen. Two primary virulence factors of F. magna are the subtilisin-like extracellular serine protease SufA and the adhesive protein FAF. This study examines the molecular mechanisms F. magna uses when colonising or establishing an infection in the skin. FAF was found

ELSA (European Leadership in Space Astrometry) is a four-year, EU-funded Research Training Network ending in September 2010. It has employed 10 postgraduate students and 5 postdocs for 2-3 years and financed a number of workshops, training events and topical meetings, culminating in the present symposium. The primary goal of ELSA is to train young scientists in the context of the Gaia project whil

We consider a splitting-based approximation of the abstract differential Riccati equation in the setting of Hilbert--Schmidt operators. The Riccati equation arises in many different areas and is important within the field of optimal control. In this paper we conduct a temporal error analysis and prove that the splitting method converges with the same order as the implicit Euler scheme, under the s

Introduction: Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) is a moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene, whose truncating mutation 1100delC increases the risk about twofold. We investigated gene copy-number aberrations and gene-expression profiles that are typical for breast tumors of CHEK2 1100delC-mutation carriers. Methods: In total, 126 breast tumor tissue specimens including 32 samples from patients carry

The interfacial structure of natural rubber (NR) colloids is investigated by means of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and electrokinetics over a broad range of KNO3 electrolyte concentrations (4-300 mM) and pH values (1-8). The asymptotic plateau value reached by NR electrophoretic mobility (mu) in the thin double layer limit supports the presence of a soft (ion- and water-pe

Intrastriatal transplantation of dopaminergic neurons can restore striatal dopamine levels and improve parkinsonian deficits, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. Here, we show that transplants of dopamine neurons partially restore activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the host striatal neurons. We evaluated synaptic plasticity in regions distal or proximal to the

In this second issue on the scholar and public intellectual Yu Jianrong, we address some of the topics that have been at the core of his academic work and where his research and views have helped shaped awareness of these issues among the general public and the academic community. We focus on the rural-urban divide, land issues (including land confiscations and property demolitions), the letters a

Background and AimsApomictic species (with asexual seed production) make up for 20-50 % of all taxonomically recognized species in northern Europe, but the phylogenetic relationships of apomictic species and the mode of evolution and speciation remain largely unknown and their taxonomy is consequently disputed.MethodsIn the present study, plastid psbD-trnT sequences (349 accessions) and 12 nuclear

Diabetic foot ulcer is an important entity which in many cases is the first serious complication in diabetes. Although a plantar forefoot location is common, there are few studies on larger cohorts and in such studies there is often a combination of various types of ulcer and ulcer locations. The purpose of this study is to discern the outcome of plantar forefoot ulcers and their specific characte

The ROAdmap for MEntal health Research in Europe project aimed to create an integrated European roadmap for mental health research. Leading mental health research experts across Europe have formulated consensus-based recommendations for future research within the public mental health field.

In this paper the feasibility to extract the proportion of pigs located in different areas of a pig pen by advanced image analysis technique is explored and discussed for possible applications. For example, pigs generally locate themselves in the wet dunging area at high ambient temperatures in order to avoid heat stress, as wetting the body surface is the major path to dissipate the heat by evapo

AQCD analysis is reported of ATLAS data on inclusive W-+/- and Z boson production in pp collisions at the LHC, jointly with ep deep-inelastic scattering data from HERA. The ATLAS data exhibit sensitivity to the light quark sea composition and magnitude at Bjorken x similar to 0:01. Specifically, the data support the hypothesis of a symmetric composition of the light quark sea at low x. The ratio o

What is the central question of this study? Does the exocrine pancreas have an impact on endocrine pancreatic function and peripheral nutrient utilization? What is the main finding and its importance? In an exocrine pancreas-insufficient pig model, the insulin response to a glucose load was delayed. Oral enzyme supplementation did not improve the insulin release but facilitated blood glucose clear

Immune activation is a regular feature of sepsis, but the incidence and nature of the ensuing inflammation-resolving and immunosuppressive component is less well understood. In this study, we compared immunoregulatory markers on blood leukocytes from patients with Gram-negative or Gram-positive sepsis or septic shock, and compared this to blood from patients with severe virosis or healthy controls

A micromechanically motivated model is proposed to capture nonlinear effects and switching phenomena present in ferroelectric polycrystalline materials. The changing remnant state of the ferroelectric crystal is accounted for by means of so-called back fields-such as back stresses-to resist or assist further switching processes in the crystal depending on the local loading history. To model interg