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From a cohort of 171 patients comprising 121 aggressive pituitary tumours (APT) and 50 pituitary carcinomas (PC), the clinicopathological or five-tiered classification based on tumour invasion and proliferation evaluated by at least 2 proliferative markers over the cut-offs (Ki-67 ≥3% or ≥10%, p53 positive or expressed in %, mitotic count >2%), could be applied on 43 tumours: 20 PC and 23 APT. At

BACKGROUND: The effect of myocardial infarction (MI) on life expectancy is difficult to study because the prevalence of MI hinders direct comparison with the life expectancy of the general population. We sought to assess this in relation to age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by comparing individuals with MI with matched comparators without previous MI. METHODS: We included pat

Introduction. The European Convention on Human Rights is but one of many human rights treaties binding upon European states. In particular at the level of the United Nations, numerous – general and specific – human rights treaties have been adopted, to which most Council of Europe member states adhere. This chapter examines how far the scopes of human rights at the UN and the Council of Europe lev

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor i Sverige. Ungefär var tionde kvinna beräknas drabbas av bröstcancer, och i Sverige insjuknar ungefär 7.000 kvinnor årligen. Glädjande nog har överlevnaden förbättrats och nästan 90% lever 5 år efter sin diagnos och cirka två tredjedelar kan anses botade. Trots detta dör cirka 1.500 kvinnor i sjukdomen i Sverige vBreast tumours harbour a large amount of genetic and epigenetic alterations, which are associated with e.g. tumour aggressiveness, prognosis, and response to therapy. The heterogeneity of breast tumours is reflected in the identification of at least five molecular subtypes named basal-like, luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched and normal-like, which are believed to originate from different cell typ

This paper takes as its starting‑point three particular moments in The Winter’s Tale (Exit pursued by a bear (3.1), Time (4.1) and the Statue scene (5.3) – moments that have become famous, or infamous, even mythical, by being so difficult to stage1. Having worked intensively with The Winter’s Tale throughout the academic year 2012/13 (among other things directing it with two consecutive groups of

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid förbränning av bränslen som innehåller kol, till exempel ved, olja och biobränslen, bildas sotpartiklar då det finns ett underskott av syre, så kallad ofullständig förbränning. Det är sotpartiklarna i brasan som ger dess gula sken. Dessa partiklar är små och består till största delen av oförbränt kol från bränslet. De små sotpartiklarna är hälsofarliga då de följer In the thesis work, two X-ray scattering techniques, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) were combined to study particle formation in-situ and non-intrusively in ethylene laboratory flames. Combining these two techniques enabled information concerning the size and concentration as well as the subnanometer structure of the nanoparticles within the 1–100 nm range there to be obtai

Calreticulin (CRT) is a eukaryotic, highly conserved, Ca2+-binding protein predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. In addition to being involved in the regulation of cellular Ca2+, calreticulin is a key quality control element during protein folding in the ER lumen. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension cells overexpressing a maize CRT (CRT1a) were used here to examine t

Popular Abstract in Swedish I avhandlingen beskrivs och analyseras 12 kvinnors skolkarriärer och deras möte med svensk skola. Syftet är att identifiera och belysa mönster, processer och vändpunkter på olika nivåer som utifrån kvinnornas perspektiv mobiliserat respektive begränsat deras skolkarriärer. Kvinnorna kom som flyktingar till Sverige i tonåren och återupptog sin avbrutna skolgång i svenskThe purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse some foreign women s perspectives on their first meeting with the Swedish school and to identify and illuminate patterns and processes on different levels that facilitate respectively obstruct the development of their school careers. The women arrived in Sweden in their teens and attended Swedish upper secondary school, completed their educatio

Popular Abstract in Swedish All materia består av atomer. Avhandlingen du just nu läser är uppbyggd av atomer; till och med du själv är uppbyggd av atomer. En kemist är intresserad av vilka atomer som hänger ihop för att bilda molekyler och hur dessa molekyler kan sammanfogas till fasta material. Man kan likna det vid att molekylerna är en byggsten som då de sammanfogas bildar en byggnadskonstruktHow do molecules arrange themselves in a crystal? It is today not possible to definite predict the three-dimensional packing arrangement of molecules in the crystalline solid state. The aim of the work presented in this thesis has been to gain more knowledge of what principles that govern molecular packing. Platinum(II) complexes have been chosen as model system since these compounds are stable,

In the past two decades, the eddy covariance technique has been used for an increasing number of methane flux studies at an ecosystem scale. Previously, most of these studies used a closed path setup with a tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDL). Although this method worked well, the TDL has to be calibrated regularly and cooled with liquid nitrogen or a cryogenic system, which limits its use in r

Purpose: To estimate inter-observer agreement with regard to describing adnexal masses using the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) terminology and the risk of malignancy calculated using IOTA logistic regression models LR1 and LR2, and to elucidate what explained the largest inter-observer differences in calculated risk of malignancy. Experimental Design: 117 women with adnexal masses we

Although up to 30% of babies born with haemophilia do not have a family history of the disorder, the remaining 70% are born in families where haemophilia has been diagnosed. It has been estimated that for each male with haemophilia, there are five potential female carriers. Such women will benefit from knowledge of both their genetic (mutation present or not) and phenotype (level of plasma factor

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reliability of quantitative measurement of minimum hip joint space with a qualitative global assessment of radiological features for estimating the prevalence of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip in colon radiographs.METHODS: All colon radiographs from patients aged 35 or older, taken at three different radiographic departments in Iceland during the years 1990-96, we

In this paper, a parametric analysis on the main engine calibration parameters applied on gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) is performed. Theoretically, the PPC concept permits to improve both the engine efficiencies and the NOx-soot trade-off simultaneously compared to the conventional diesel combustion. This work is based on the design of experiments (DoE), statistical approach, and i

BACKGROUND: The Eight-Twenty-One (ETO) nuclear co-repressor gene belongs to the ETO homologue family also containing Myeloid Translocation Gene on chromosome 16 (MTG16) and myeloid translocation Gene-Related protein 1 (MTGR1). By chromosomal translocations ETO and MTG16 become parts of fusion proteins characteristic of morphological variants of acute myeloid leukemia. Normal functions of ETO homol

INTRODUCTION: Despite much literature on reference values of acid-base status in umbilical cord blood at birth, there are as yet no studies performed to determine gestational age-dependent references in cord venous blood and no studies on preterm acid-base standards. Similarly, the normal reference range of Apgar scores for term and preterm infants has not yet been determined.MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Oxytocin (OT) is a small neuropeptide, which is present in human plasma at extremely low endogenous levels of only a few pg/ml. It is mainly involved during labour and lactation but it has recently also been found that OT is involved in social behaviours like bonding and feeling empathy. During the last couple of years, the interest in OT has been raised and due to the matrix complexity, it is ver

Under 1990-talet och fram till 2007 var det vanligt förekommande att byggnader uppfördes med en så kallad enstegstätad fasadkonstruktion. Det byggdes omkring 15 000 – 30 000 bostadshus med denna konstruktion, vilka omfattar 110 000 – 160 000 bostäder. Ett stort antal av byggnaderna uppförda med den aktuella fasadkonstruktionen fick fukt- och mögelskador redan efter några år. År 2007 uppmärksammaDuring the 1990s and up until 2007, it was common that buildings were erected with a construction method known as External Thermal Insulation Composite System Walls. Around 15 000 – 30 000 residential buildings were built using this method and these constitute 110 000 – 160 000 residences. A large number of the buildings constructed with the this method got damp and mold damage after only a few y

Uppsatsen syftar till att diskutera om miljöbalkens målsättning är miljömässigt godtagbar. Frågeställningen är om innebörden av en hållbar utveckling utifrån den utveckling av begreppet som sker i relation till forskningen om planetära gränsvärden kan sägas vara inom ramen för målsättningen om hållbar utveckling i miljöbalkens portalparagraf. Först presenteras rättsvetarna Kim och Bosselmanns syThe purpose of this essay is to discuss if the objective of the Swedish Environmental Code (EC) is environmentally acceptable. The question asked is if the meaning of a sustainable development according to the development of the concept that is occurring in relation to research about planetary boundaries is within the scope of the objective of sustainable development in the preamble of the EC. At

För människan är en grundläggande miljökvalitet en nödvändig förutsättning för liv och livskvalitet. Eftersom vi vill leva är miljökvalitet eftersträvansvärt. För människan är även förutsebarhet en viktig förutsättning då den gör det möjligt att planera sin tillvaro och känna trygghet. För att få förutsebarhet är juridik ett viktigt medel. Det kan dock finnas ett spänningsförhållande mellan juridiFor humankind, an elementary level of quality in the environment is a necessary precondition for life and life quality. Therefore, it is also desirable since we want to live. For humankind, foreseeability is also an important precondition since it makes it possible to plan one’s life and feel secure. In order to get foreseeability, law is an important means. However, there can be a tension between