Search results

In this study, we assess the impact of an image restoration pipeline, designed for digital mammography, on the detectability of microcalcifications of different sizes across varied radiation exposures. The restoration pipeline first removes the noise of the image considering a Poisson-Gaussian noise model that incorporates quantum and electronic noise. Then, it appropriately merges the noisy and d

BACKGROUND: Despite pain control being a top priority in end-of-life care, pain continues to be a troublesome symptom and comprehensive data on pain prevalence and pain relief in patients with different diagnoses are scarce.METHODS: The Swedish Register of Palliative Care (SRPC) was used to retrieve data from 2011 to 2022 about pain during the last week of life. Data were collected regarding occur

Purpose: The 2021 guidelines endorsed by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) recommend using highly malignant electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns (HMEP; suppression or burst-suppression) at > 24 h after cardiac arrest (CA) in combination with at least one other concordant predictor to prognosticate poor neurological outcome. We evalu

Background: All available recommendations about the management of antithrombotic therapies (ATs) in patients who experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) are mainly based on expert opinion because of the lack of strength in the available evidence-based medicine. Currently, the withdrawal and the resumption of AT in these patients is empirical, widely variable, and based on the individual assessmen

The thermal sensitivity of early life stages can play a fundamental role in constraining species distributions. For egg-laying ectotherms, cool temperatures often extend development time and exacerbate developmental energy cost. Despite these costs, egg laying is still observed at high latitudes and altitudes. How embryos overcome the developmental constraints posed by cool climates is crucial kno

Background T-cell activation and clonal expansion are essential to effective immunotherapy responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The distribution of T-cell clones may offer insights into immunogenic mechanisms and imply potential prognostic and predictive information. Methods We analyzed α/β T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality using RNA-sequencing of bulk frozen tumor tissue from 182 patien

Axonal injuries commonly contribute to poor functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). To assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) and energy metabolic disturbances in a TBI model of widespread axonal injury, we exposed 105 adult mice to the central (midline) fluid percussion injury (cFPI) diffuse TBI model, or sham injury, and used 9.4 T magnetic resonance (MR) arterial spin labeling (AS

Background: Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a significant public health problem associated with high mortality and high healthcare costs. The Targeted Therapeutic Mild Hypercapnia after Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest (TAME) randomised clinical trial showed that targeted mild hypercapnia did not lead to better neurologic outcomes at 6 months compared to normocapnia after OHCA. We aimed to est

Introduction: Cranioplasty, a surgical procedure to restore skull integrity and aesthetic contour following decompressive craniectomy, poses challenges in material selection and timing, driven by the lack of guidelines and ongoing regulatory changes. Research question: This study aimed to provide an overview of current cranioplasty practices in Europe, explicitly addressing a potential shift towar

BACKGROUND: Head impacts are common in contact sports such as boxing and occur at times of elevated core body and brain temperatures induced by the exercise. Following impact, elevated brain temperature may lead to the development of exacerbated brain injury that can be monitored by blood biomarkers. Blood-brain biomarkers S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reflect glial injury; neur

We present a novel method for estimating the depth of a fluorescent lesion in tissue based on measurements of the fluorescence signal in different wavelength bands. The measured fluorescence spectrum following irradiation by excitation light at the surface is a function of several parameters, because the fluorescence light has to pass through tissue with characteristic scattering and absorption pr

Ur ett hundraårsperspektiv har arbetsmarknaden genomgått avsevärda förändringar. Majoriteten av löntagarna utgörs numera av tjänstemän. I Sverige svarar de även för majoriteten av fackmedlemmarna. De svenska fackföreningarna tillämpade redan tidigt en bred medlemsrekrytering, men till bilden hör också att Sverige har världens mest klassuppdelade fackliga rörelse. Inte minst för tjänstemännen har d

Inducible defences allow prey to increase survival chances when predators are present while avoiding unnecessary costs in their absence. Many studies report considerable inter-individual variation in inducible defence expression, yet what underlies this variation is poorly understood. A classic vertebrate example of a predator-induced morphological defence is the increased body depth in crucian ca

There is currently interest in low strain HPHT diamond due to its expected application as various types of X-ray optical elements at Synchrotrons, where the X-ray intensity is becoming progressively too severe for the existing materials. The diamond crystals need to be synthesised with unprecedented lattice quality. In recent measurements at the ID19 beamline of European Synchrotron Radiation Faci

We are developing a prototype system for simultaneous digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and mechanical imaging (MI). MI maps the local pressure distribution during clinical exams, to distinguish breast abnormalities from the normal tissue. Both DBT alone, and MI when combined with digital mammography, have demonstrated the ability to reduce false positives; however, the benefit of combining DBT w

Historiskt sett har människor gjort invändningar grundade på tankefrihet, samvetsfrihet och religionsfrihet i förhållande till obligatorisk värnpliktstjänstgöring. Denna samvetsvägran inom militären är en erkänd rätt i nationella, regionala och internationella människorättsinstrument. I den Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna är denna rätHistorically, objections based on the freedom of thought, conscience and religion have been invoked in relation to compulsory military service. These conscientious objections are protected by national, regional and international human rights instruments. In the European Convention on Human Rights this right is grounded in Article 9 on the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. In Europe, the

Denna avhandling breddar rådande förståelser av stipendier och deras systematiska användning inom internationell högre utbildning genom att introducera en ny uppsättning teoretiska verktyg för att undersöka sådana satsningar. Med fokus på organisationer i Mexiko och Indonesien samt de studenter de sponsrade till svenska masterprogram mellan 2013 och 2020, utforskar studien värderingsprocesser, samThis thesis broadens prevailing understandings of scholarships and their systematic use in international higher education, introducing a novel set of theoretical tools for examining such endeavors. Focusing on organizations in Mexico and Indonesia and the students they sponsored in Swedish master’s degree programs between 2013-20, the study explores valuation processes, coordination puzzles and et