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The diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT
This article argues, based on the work of Bakhtin and de Certeau, that there is no aesthetics without politics and that all academic discourse and practices are enacted through aesthetic forms with inherently political and ethical effects. The article is written in a script-form with indications on how to perform it, acting out or ‘performing’ in a direct way rather than adding to the arguments al
This chapter describes the long-term social, economic, demographic, and political development of Landskrona, a mid-sized industrial city in southern Sweden. Around 1910, the population was about 15,000 and the demographic structure of the city was in line with other emerging industrial cities in Sweden. Industrial activity expanded, with some shorter periods of crisis, until the late 1960s. In mos
This chapter analyzes the long-term development of income inequality and social mobility. During the twentieth century Landskrona experienced a dramatic socioeconomic transformation that shaped economic inequality and social mobility. There were three main phases in the development of socioeconomic disparities, which reflect development at the national level. The first phase (1905–1930) saw high a
The notion of a language norm is far from clear. Lacking a conclusive explication, one may wonder what language studies are actually studying. Is it the experience of speakers? Is it their brains? Is it their behavior? Is it the product of expert intuitions? Even within linguistics the views seem scattered on this point, and no consensus has been reached on what the object of study in linguistics
Conflicting findings have recently been presented as to the sites and sources of B cells that undergo class switch recombination (CSR) to IgA in the gut. In this study we provide compelling evidence in CD40-/- mice demonstrating that IgA CSR can be independent of CD40 signaling and germinal center formation and does not occur in the gut lamina propria (LP) itself. We found that CD40-/- mice had ne
This book examines material and multi-sensorial expressions of Shiʿi Islam in diverse, and understudied demographic and geographic contexts.It engages with conceptual debates and makes several propositions that push the frontiers of scholarship on Islamic and Religious Studies, Material Religion, Heritage Studies, and Anthropology and Sociology of Religion.The contributions presented in this volum
BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates have profound effects on bone physiology, and could modify the process of metastasis. We undertook collaborative meta-analyses to clarify the risks and benefits of adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in breast cancer.METHODS: We sought individual patient data from all unconfounded trials in early breast cancer that randomised between bisphosphonate and control. Primary ou
One of the hallmarks of type 1 but also type 2 diabetes is pancreatic islet inflammation, associated with altered pancreatic islet function and structure, if unresolved. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine which detrimentally affects β-cell function. In the course of diabetes, complement components, including the central complement protein C3, are deregulated. Previously, we reported high C3 expre
Anonymisation of assessments has been discussed for decades. It stems from a concern about unduly bias in assessment and grading. In Sweden, anonymised assessments were introduced in many universities a decade ago. It was rarely preceded by discussions on potential pedagogical consequences. Recent research on the effects of anonymisation does not confirm the hypothesis of reduced bias in grading.
Paediatric prospective studies of coeliac disease with longitudinal collection of biological samples and clinical data offer a unique perspective on disease risk. This Review highlights the information now available from international paediatric prospective studies on genetic and environmental risk factors for coeliac disease. In addition, recent omics studies have made it possible to study comple
This project investigates the empirical realities of shifting norms and practices around young children’s education in urban East Asia. In particular, it examines how parenting strategies are entangled with aspirations for human capital accumulation and upward social mobility, as well as the best interest of the child, and how these notions are reconciled and enacted differently along gender, gene
I contribute to an emerging politics of loss through an empirical analysis of temporalities of climate change loss and damage in Australia. How people temporalize climate change informs their conception of causality, designation of losses and damages, and political response. By drawing attention to the diversity of onto-epistemological understandings and characterizations of climate change loss an
Photoredox catalysis of organic reactions driven by iron has attracted substantial attention throughout recent years, due to potential environmental and economic benefits. In this Perspective, three major strategies were identified that have been employed to date to achieve reactivities comparable to the successful noble metal photoredox catalysis: (1) Direct replacement of a noble metal center by
