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Impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic islets is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Altered chromatin structure may contribute to the disease. We therefore studied the impact of T2D on open chromatin in human pancreatic islets. We used assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) to profile open chromatin in islets from T2D and non-diabetic donors. We identified 57,

Meniscectomy is recognized as an important risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA), a disease that traditionally has been considered as a simple "wear and tear" phenomenon. However, despite numerous reports, little evidence has been presented that a limited meniscal resection, compared with a more extensive resection, reduces the risk of OA by preserving meniscal function. Why?

Aims Among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), those with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at particularly high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and premature death. We aimed to provide a descriptive overview of unadjusted analyses of patient characteristics, ACS management, and outcomes up to 1 year after hospital admission for an ACS/index-ACS event, in patients with DM in contemporar

Factors determining patient`s and doctor`s delay in diagnosis of bladder cancer were type of initial symptoms, level of health service first consulted and number of steps in the referral system. No correlation was found between psychosocial factors and patient`s delay. In retrospective studies after cystectomy for bladder cancer, patients with continent cutaneous diversion of urine had fewer stoma

All the elements heavier than Li are created during stellar evolution. Even if our knowledge of this process is good, many questions still remain. For instance, the odd-Z iron-peak elements Sc, V, Mn, and Co together with neutron-capture elements Sr, Zr, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Eu have still unclear production sites because theoretical models and observational evidences are not in agreement. Having a

In this longitudinal, prospective study, 39 preterm children, consecutively born before 35 weeks of completed gestation and 23 full-term children were followed up after 19 years. Multifaceted aspects of outcome were evaluated. The results indicate a clear increase in somatic morbidity during growth and young adulthood among the preterms. Psychometric evaluation of cognitive development at age 19 y

Gesture-based interaction constitutes a new paradigm in human-machine interaction. The possibility to control a technical system with gestures on surfaces or in mid air makes it possible to design user interfaces that go beyond the WIMP paradigm (Windows Icons Menus and Pointers), the dominating interaction paradigm since the 1970's. After mainly having been of interest in the human-computer inter

The purpose of the study was to characterise the phenotype with emphasis on electroretinography in four different types of hereditary retinal degeneration and to correlate it to a genotype when possible. Two methods were used: full-field electroretinography for objective assessment of retinal function and mutation screening of blood samples for detection of gene alterations. Electroretinograms fro

This doctoral thesis explored three broad aspects of preschoolers’ social competence: prosocial behavior, aggression, and social cognition. The longitudinal study followed forty-four children (initially 22-40 months), who were observed in natural peer interactions at their daycare centers during a two-month period in each of three con-secutive years. In addition, social-cognitive data were gathere

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is a 11.7 kDa acid stable serine protease inhibitor. SLPI has been shown to be the dominant protease inhibitor in bronchial secretions and has been used in treatment of pulmonary emphysema. In ulcerative colitis faecal extracts has been shown to contain an abundance of free proteolytic activity, mainly leukocytic and pancreatic proteases. SLPI is a strong inh

Popular AbstractStörre kriser och katastrofer som stormen Gudrun och dess konsekvenser är sannolikt att vänta i framtiden. Det råder dock ovisshet om vilka kriserna kommer att vara och under vilka förutsättningar. Nya och kompletterande vetenskapliga studier och metoder inom kris- och katastrofforskningen måste till för att öka samhällets kunskap om och förmåga att hantera kända och okända hotbildSevere crises and disasters such as the Hurricane Gudrun and their consequences will probably occur in the future. However, there are many uncertainties concerning disasters and their effects. New scientific approaches and methods for crisis and disaster research must be developed to increase the knowledge and ability of societies to manage known and unknown threats. Substantial research on the em

Context: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4); plasma activity of DPP-4 may be increased in obesity. The impact of this increase on incretin hormone secretion and metabolism is not known. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess incretin hormone secretion and degradation in lean and obese nondiabet

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It is known that physical activity during growth has a positive influence on bone mineral accrual, and is thus possibly one strategy to prevent osteoporosis. However, as bone geometry, independent of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), influences fracture risk, this study aimed to evaluate whether hip structure in pre-pubertal girls is also affected by a two-year exercise inte

BACKGROUND: Inflammation has been proposed to be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. An early feature of inflammation is the release of cytokines leading to increased expression of endothelial activation markers such as vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Here we investigated the impact of diabetes and dyslipidemia on VCAM-1 expression in mouse retinal vessels, as we

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is part of a healthy lifestyle and prevents many chronic health problems, in addition to promoting mental health. PA performed outdoors has been found particularly good for promoting one's well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which outdoor recreational PA was carried out during 1 year, and the factors influencing such activities from