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Popular Abstract in English Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA and the balanced cellular dNTP pools are of extreme importance to maintain the genomic stability and overall function of the cell. Primarily, two different pathways exist in most of the organisms that are responsible for providing dNTPs. One is called the de novo pathway where dNTPs are formed fromThe synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), building blocks of DNA, can be achieved by two different pathways in the cell. One is called de novo synthesis and the other is known as salvage pathway. The de novo pathway involves synthesis of dNTPs by utilizing basic molecules like sugars, amino acids, CO2, NH3, etc., while in the other pathway, dNTPs are formed by salvaging intra- or

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kostnaden för grund- och gymnasieskolan i Sverige motsvarar idag ca 4,5% av BNP. Med tanke på investeringens storlek är det viktigt att dessa resurser används effektivt. I avhandlingen studeras effektivitet inom den kommunala skolan på tre nivåer: Kommunal nivå, skolnivå och individuell nivå. Effektiviteten skattas i linjärprogrammeringsmodeller, genom så kallad Data EnSweden spends altogether about 4.5% of GDP on primary, secondary and upper secondary school. Considering the magnitude of this investment it is important that these resources are used efficiently. In this thesis efficiency in public education is analysed on three different levels: The municipal level, the school level, and the individual level. Efficiency is estimated using a linear programming te

Romans 2 has long been a crux interpretum. Among matters of dispute is the function and identity of Paul’s interlocutor(s) in the chapter. While scholars agree that the individual addressed in 2:17–29 is a Jew, there is no such consensus with respect to the identity of the person addressed in 2:1–5. On the one hand, the scholarly majority holds that this person is depicted as a Jew and that the sa

The environment in which biology exists has dramatically changed during the last decades. Life was formed during billions of years, exposed to, and shaped by the original physical forces such as gravitation, cosmic irradiation and the terrestrial magnetism. The existing organisms are created to function in harmony with these forces. However, in the late 19th century mankind introduced the use of e

The suppression of agricultural pests by natural enemies, including generalist arthropod predators, is an economically important regulating ecosystem service. Besides pests, generalist predators may also consume non-pest extraguild and intraguild prey, which can affect their impact on pest populations. This may either reduce the impact of generalist predators on pest populations, because they are

Mechanical forces exists in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, rearrangement and differentiation. The transformation of cancer cells from normal cells, cancer metastasis and cell rearrangement during morphogenesis all involve changes in cellular mechanical forces. Although there are some studies about normal cell and cancer cell force measurements, a direct compariso

Why a Book about Product-Oriented Environmental Law? While laws relating to the environment have been around for centuries, it could be argued that modern environmental lawmaking started in the 1960s, when many nations began adopting acts specifically targeting the environment. The evolution of environmental law since then has followed several paths, from mainly local regulations to national, Euro

Introduction: A large number of policy instruments have been developed to induce energy efficiency and mitigate climate change. Traditional policy evaluations have assessed the performance of individual policy instruments, applying criteria such as target effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, legitimacy and distributional effects. More recently there has been a shift of interest in how policy instrum

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevalence and incidence in the fishing communities on Lake Victoria in Uganda are high. This population may play a role in driving the HIV epidemic in Uganda including the spread of transmitted drug resistance (TDR). We report data on TDR in this population among antiretroviral (ARV)-naive, recently infected individuals about 5 years after ARV scaling-u

Variations in the POLG1 gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, have recently been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in patients diagnosed with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). However, the majority of the studies reporting this association mainly focused on the genetic identification of the variation in POLG1 in PD patient prima

BACKGROUND: Quantifying bone mineral density (BMD) on CT using commercial software demonstrates good-to-excellent correlations with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) results. However, previous techniques to measure Hounsfield units (HUs) within the proximal femur demonstrate less successful correlation with DEXA results. An effective method of measuring HUs of the proximal femur from CT colo

If you live in Sweden (and I guess you do), there is a two in three chance that youhave shopped online at least once in the last month. You may also know that inSweden on average, each of us spends over 3000 SEK per month buying goods andservices online. It is expected that over 2 billion people will be shopping online bythe year 2020, thus generating a global revenue of 4.1 trillion USD. One imag

Residential biomass combustion is a significant source of aerosol particles on regional and global scales influencing climate and human health. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) emitted from biomass burning of solid fuels in different cookstoves mostly of relevance to sub- Saharan east Africa. The traditional three-stone fi

Background: In childhood cancer care, healthcare professionals must deal with several difficult moral situations in clinical practice. Previous studies show that morally difficult challenges are related to decisions on treatment limitations, infringing on the child's integrity and growing autonomy, and interprofessional conflicts. Research also shows that healthcare professionals have expressed a

In the dawning age of autonomous driving, accurate and robust tracking of vehicles is a quintessential part. This is inextricably linked with the problem of Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM), in which one tries to determine the position of a vehicle relative to its surroundings without prior knowledge of them. The more you know about the object you wish to track—through sensors or mecha

Ojämlikhet, i termer av hur resurser fördelas mellan olika kategorier av människor, är ett genomgripande samhällsfenomen. Den svenska arbetsmarknaden är inget undantag och uppvisar en betydande grad av klassad, etnifierad och könad ojämlikhet när det gäller tillgång till kontroll och makt över produktionsförhållanden. Denna avhandling syftar till att bidra med kunskap om hur och varför ojämlikhetsInequality, in terms of how resources are distributed between different categories of people is a pervasive phenomenon in society. The Swedish labour market is no exception, exhibiting a significant degree of classed, ethnified and gendered inequality in terms of access to control and power over production conditions. This thesis aims to contribute knowledge about how and why inequality regimes ar

This paper examines the social rules and conventions of photography practices on visual social media platforms through revisiting the concept of gaze. More specifically we analyse how 25 participants in so-called Instagram take-overs make sense of and perform photography as an embodied visual practice situated in time and space. Hence, approaching that which is seen on Instagram from the viewpoint

This study analyzes the personal identification process that takes place in the actual meeting of a job coach and a job seeker, with the purpose of making the job seeker employable. The empirical data consists of observations during nine job coach meetings, and interviews with four job coaches. The analysis is based on a social constructionist perspective. The findings point to contradictions in t

Inkludera biodiversitet i livscykelanalyser - Hur fungerar det? Biodiversitet är ett begrepp som innefattar mångfalden av arter, ekosystem och gener. Ju större mångfald desto bättre. Hur kan man koppla mångfald i naturen till produktion av olika biodrivmedel och varför är detta viktigt? Att världens befolkning står för en stor utmaning att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser för att dämpa den globaAnalysing the environmental impact connected to biofuels has lately become more important due to the European Commission’s energy and climate target for 2020. These targets includes among others, 20 % reduction of greenhouse emissions and 20 % energy efficiency. One important solution for achieving this climate target is to increase the renewable fuel sector. In order to decide which biofuels that

Can law still play a central role in governing human behavior even if the state law may have become less important? Whether law without the state is possible depends, of course, on how we define “law” and “state”. But it also depends on the perspective from which one approaches the legal material. From a sociology of law perspective, as will be presented in this chapter, the topic has a slightly d