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Today, there is considerable interest in integrated forest biorefineries which, besides pulp, produce high-value-added products, such as, polymers and carbon fibres. Lignin is the major non-cellulosic constituent of wood. It is a complex, amorphous highly crosslinked polyphenolic. Lignosulphonate in spent liquor in sulphite mills has long been isolated using ultra filtration. Generally, precipitat

Timber structures and wooden element are in general affected by moisture and moisture variation in different ways. Their hygroscopic properties result in adsorption of water when wetted and in desorption when dried. Because the volume of wood is not constant but varies with the moisture content, uneven distribution of moisture will result in induced eigen-stresses because of internal restraint hyg

Nocturnal hawkmoths are known for impressive visually guided behaviours in dim light, such as hovering while feeding from nectar-bearing flowers. This requires tight visual feedback to estimate and counter relative motion. Discrimination of low velocities, as required for stable hovering flight, is fundamentally limited by spatial resolution, yet in the evolution of eyes for nocturnal vision, main

The automotive industry is continuously striving for reduced development cost, time to market and high quality on their products to remain market leader. This is achieved by constantly developing their simulation methods in order to attain more accurate simulation results and include more aspects of the complexity when developing a vehicle such as durability, vehicle dynamics and comfort. This th

Abstract Sexual selection is considered to be one of the most important processes influencing the evolution and diversification of species. Sexual conflict, a subset of sexual selection theory, describes how opposing interests in the male and female reproductive systems can lead to one sex increasing its fitness at a cost to the other sex. Traits involved in this conflict may come under selection

The first part of the thesis aims to investigate the applicability of JGrafchart and its associated Model of Computation(MoC) for describing sequential control in aircraft primary power distribution systems. The motivation behind this is the need for better modeling tools and in particular support for separation between nominal control and fault handling. Also, as system complexity increases, bett

Syftet med studien var att analysera den kringliggande problematiken för energiproducenters beslutsfattningsprocess när de utvärderar investeringar i energieffektiviseringsåtgärder för uppvärmningssystem i vattenkraftsbaserade produktionsenheter i Sverige. Studien har utgått ifrån de dokumenterade barriärerna för investeringar i energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och applicerar konceptet om EnvironmenThe purpose of this study was to analyze the problems surrounding the decision making process for a energy producer when dealing with (potential) energy efficiency measures. This work creates the basis of a investment prioritizing structure directed at heating systems within Swedish hydro power based production facilities managed by Vattenfall. The research was called for by Vattenfall, as the org

Background and the Situation at Company X To remain competitive, it is essential for companies to take advantage of new business opportunities. However, seizing new opportunities often imply changes within the organization, and projects associated with change are bound to encounter resistance. To efficiently manage change and thereby avoid resistance and engage in measures that generate support fo

För att garantera en rättssäker brottmålsprocess är det av stor betydelse att den misstänkte får insyn i det material som innehas av polisen och åklagaren. Utan insyn i utredningsmaterialet skulle det starkt begränsa den misstänktes möjligheter att försvara sig på ett fullgott sätt och att kontrollera åklagarens och domstolens bedömning. Den misstänktes rätt till insyn är emellertid inte absolut oIn order to guarantee that the criminal proceedings are in compliance with the rule of law, it is of great importance that the suspect has access to the materials held by the police and the prosecutor. Without such access, it would severely limit the suspect’s access to adequate facilities for the preparation of his defence and ability to verify the prosecutor’s and the court’s assessment. However

The study aims to examine the impact of Expressive Suppression (ES), on Working Memory (WM) performance when exposed to mild pain reaction causing physiological activation. Performance measures are obtained to discriminate between three groups having their hands in warm water, cold water, and cold water and implementing ES. As a measure of WM performance, this study used a WM 2-back task intersper

The thesis starts with a description of the background to the change of the rules on deduction of VAT on mixed use immovable property through the insertion of Article 168a in the RVD. The reason according to the Amendment is to promote equity and to prevent unjustified cash-flow advantages granted to taxable persons who use acquire immovable property, deduct full input VAT and then pay it back o

This thesis is divided into two parts (1&2) with different but related scopes, they are both partly a response to Volvo Truck Australia's (VTA) wish to improve their supply chain. In 1998 this wish resulted in a global benchmark, of VTA's total inbound transports, being submitted to 13 global transporting companies. Being one of the responding companies, Volvo Transport delegated the d

The purpose of this case study was to explore the socio-technical contexts of mobile service development within a network, the Mobile Arena Cluster functioning in Malmö, in the South of Sweden. The main research question was: how do the members of the Mobile Arena Cluster develop Mobile services. In order to answer the question, it was necessary to research first the cluster and its contexts. The

This essay investigates the relation between economic growth and happiness, with regard to the central position of economic growth on the political agenda in the Western world today. In political argumentation it is often claimed that economic growth and existing economic conditions are challenged by processes of change, especially economic globalisation and "de-industrialisation". In th

The formation of industry standards for environmental issues and corporate social responsibility is gaining acceptance but the number of successfully implemented programs are few. On an individual level companies have for some time applied company standards or codes of conduct. But on a collective level cooperation seems much more difficult. Although from an economic point of view there are clear

The landfills located at the sea shore or below the ground water table are a severe cause of concern due to their close proximity to sensitive coastal ecosystems and pristine ground waters. Therefore, it is important to assess the long term environmental risks of coastal landfills before their final closure. In this context, the reactive transport models, by allowing us to study the complex interp

External sources such as traffic and construction work cause noise and vibration in nearby buildings, potentially annoying human residents. Today, almost every fifth European is harmfully affected by traffic noise and vibration. Wave barriers placed on or embedded within the soil between the source and the receiver can mitigate the transmission of ground vibration, and the airborne noise transmiss