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Telomeres are the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The telomeres are essential for solving the end replication problem and they stabilize the genome by protection from degradation. The telomeres also protect the chromosomal ends from by being recognized as DNA breaks by the repair machinery, which could lead to end-to-end fusions. Dysfunctional telomeres are implicated in many complex cellul
Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tun
The interactions of the anionic bile salt NaGDC with three triblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), denoted P65, P123 and F127, were investigated using high-sensitive differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), turbidimetry, dynamic and static light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). P65 and P123 had the same hydrophilic PEO block lengt
The aim of this article is to explore how new industrial paths emerge and grow in peripheral regional economies. Current conceptualizations of regional path development are based on experiences from core regions and fail to provide satisfactory theoretical explanations of new path-creating activities in peripheral areas. Our conceptual approach combines the notions of path development and knowledg
Thin ion transmission detectors can be used as a part of a telescope detector for mass and energy identification but also as a pre-cell detector in a microbeam system for studies of biological effects from single ion hits on individual living cells. We investigated a structure of graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) with the purpose to explore a thin transmission detector with a very low noise level
We investigate the star formation-feedback cycle in cosmological galaxy formation simulations, focusing on the progenitors of Milky Way (MW)-sized galaxies. We find that in order to reproduce key properties of the MW progenitors, such as semi-empirically derived star formation histories (SFHs) and the shape of rotation curves, our implementation of star formation and stellar feedback requires (1)
Reactions of 4-thio-2′-deoxyuridine d(s4U) and 4-thiouridine 5′-monophosphate s4UMP with trans-[AuY2Cl2]+/– (Y = CN– or NH3) have been investigated by conventional and high-pressure stopped-flow spectrophotometry in aqueous solution with 2.9 ⩽ pH ⩽ 7.0. For a given combination of metal complex and sulfur donor the observed second-order rate constants decreased with increasing pH. In the pH range 2
BACKGROUND: As many as 88% of heart transplant recipients (HTRs) suffer from psychological distress. Both psychosocial factors and physical health are associated with increased psychological distress. However, the causes and impacts of psychological distress are unclear. HTRs strive for a sense of control over their health and daily lives in order to improve their psychological well-being. Perceiv
Digital volume correlation analysis of time-resolved X-ray microtomography scans acquired during in situ triaxial compression of Green River shale cores provided time series of 3-D incremental strain fields that elucidated evolving deformation processes by quantifying microscopic strain localization. With these data, we investigated the impact of mechanical anisotropy on microscopic strain localiz
Software Engineering activities are information intensive. Research proposes Information Retrieval (IR) techniques to support engineers in their daily tasks, such as establishing and maintaining traceability links, fault identification, and software maintenance. We describe an engineering task, test case selection, and illustrate our problem analysis and solution discovery process. The objective o
The molecular weight distribution and the viscosity of water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from carrots were investigated after different types of heat-treatment, commonly used when preparing food. The materials studied were blanched, boiled, microwaved and canned. Freezing, without any heat-treatment, was used as a reference process. The water soluble polysaccharides were isolated using two di
Primary aluminium production is energy- and GHG-intensive in which electrolysis is by far the most energy- and GHG-intensive process. This paper’s aim is to study the effects on (1) primary energy use, (2) GHG emissions and (3) energy and CO2 costs when energy end-use efficiency measures are implemented in the electrolysis. Significant savings in final and primary energy use, GHG emissions and ene
How the avian sex chromosomes first evolved from autosomes remains elusive as 100 million years (My) of divergence and degeneration obscure their evolutionary history. The Sylvioidea group of songbirds is interesting for understanding avian sex chromosome evolution because a chromosome fusion event ∼24 Ma formed "neo-sex chromosomes" consisting of an added (new) and an ancestral (old) part. Here,
For the realization of graphene-based electronic and optic devices, the functionalization of this material becomes essential. Graphene doping through intercalation and tuning the chemical potential is one among other promising concepts. Intercalation of germanium is particularly interesting in view of its ambipolar doping behavior. Both p- and n-type doped graphene and their doping levels were ide
In the last decades, the substantial technical progress in radiation oncology offered the opportunity for more accurate planning and delivery of treatment. At the same time, the evolution of systemic treatment and the advent of modern diagnostic tools allowed for more accurate staging and consequently a safe reduction of radiotherapy (RT) target volumes and RT doses in the treatment of lymphomas.
The formation of molecular assemblies in protein solutions is of strong interest both from a fundamental viewpoint and for biomedical applications. While ordered and desired protein assemblies are indispensable for some biological functions, undesired protein condensation can induce serious diseases. As a common cofactor, the presence of salt ions is essential for some biological processes involvi
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Gafchromic EBT3 films for reference dose measurements in the beam of a prototype high dose-per-pulse linear accelerator (linac), capable of delivering electron beams with a mean dose-rate (Dm) ranging from 0.07 to 3000 Gy/s and a dose-rate in pulse (Dp) of up to 8 × 106 Gy/s. To do this, we evaluated the overall uncertainties in EBT3
The semiconductor technology has enabled the fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs), which may include billions of transistors and can contain all necessary electronic circuitry for a complete system, so-called System-on-Chip (SOC). In order to handle design complexity and to meet short time-to-market requirements, it is increasingly common to make use of a modular design approach where an SOC i
Hypothesis: Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing Pluronic F127 hydrogels (F127) containing dissolved S-nitrosothiols or pendant N-diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) groups have been described. The NO charging of these hydrogels is usually limited by their low stability or disruption of the micellar packing. S-nitrosothiol-terminated F127 may emerge as a new strategy for allowing NO delivery at different rates in b
Low temperature combustion (LTC) of high-octane number fuels in compression ignition engines offers an opportunity to simultaneously achieve high engine thermal efficiency and low emissions of NOx and particulate matter without using expensive after-treatment technologies. LTC engines are known to be sensitive to the operation conditions and combustor geometry. It is important to understand the fu
