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In the work presented in the thesis laser diagnostics was employed primarily in the investigation of engines, but was also used to study soot in flames. Quantitative measurements were performed for visualizing both in-cylinder soot formation and DME sprays in a combustion vessel. The DME sprays inside a diesel truck engine were also qualitatively investigated. The combustion process in the HCCI en
Using a broad variety of scientific methods this dissertation systematically investigates the fundamental mechanisms underlying the dispersion processes in natural rivers and their mathematical descriptions in a geometrical framework. Emphasis is on the geometrical variations and irregularities of a natural river and their scales. Analysis starts with the integral scale and the Fickian dispersion
The thesis is based on applied research, rather closed to industrial development. The developed simulation model, for pre-design of evaporative gas turbine cycles, has been validated in a 600 kW pilot plant and in rebuilt turbo-charged diesel engines. Besides of the work with the thesis including theoretical modelling and hardware development concerning wet cycles, the work has also resulted in th
Popular Abstract in Swedish Många av alla kemiska processer som pågår i våra kroppar utförs av proteiner. När de inte fungerar blir vi sjuka. I vissa fall, till exempel vid Alzheimers sjukdom eller Creutzfeld Jacobs sjukdom, beror det på att ett visst protein har fel form. Att förstå hur proteiner antar sin slutliga form och vad det har för inverkan på proteinets funktion är således viktigt. ÅVery little is known about a considerable part of all proteins and it is time consuming and expensive to study each individual protein to determine its function, structure and cellular role. Proteins retain structural, functional and sequential characteristics from ancestral proteins and hence two proteins that share a common ancestor, i.e. are homologs, will to some extent have similar sequen
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling syftar till att ge en översikt över cirka hundra år av europeisk intellektuell historia som lyfter fram nya aspekter av de klassiska tänkarna. Analysen av de fyra filosoferna Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume och Charles de Montesquieu syftar till att belysa en generell historisk process, nämligen hur den moderna människosynen växer fram i Europa. EThis essay has three main aims. The first one is to give an overview of some hundred years of European intellectual history, bringing out new aspects of the classical thinkers. The analysis of the four philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume and Charles de Montesquieu aims at illustrating a general historical process, viz. the emergence of the modern view of man in Europe. After Hobbes,
Background: A velocity offset error in phase contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a known problem in clinical assessment of flow volumes in vessels around the heart. Earlier studies have shown that this offset error is clinically relevant over different systems, and cannot be removed by protocol optimization. Correction methods using phantom measurements are time consuming,
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling inspirerades av utvecklingspsykologiska teoretiker som Bowlby, Stern och Winnicott, vilka alla anser att den tidiga emotionella kommunikation mellan barn och vårdare är betydelsefull för utvecklingen av barnets självvärdering och värdering av andra och hur barnet kommer att relatera till andra senare i livet. Frågeställningarna i de olika studierna beröThis thesis investigated emotional communication in experimentally created face-to-face interaction situations. The hypotheses were based on the conception of a process which leads to emotional empathy, assuming that automatic mimicking tendencies are involved in an automatic part of the process. Subjects were categorised as high- or low-empathic according to results on the Questionnaire Measure O
Popular Abstract in Swedish Senare forskning har påvisat att beslutsfattare som återger attraktivitets skattningar (aspekter) av egenskaper (attribut) av det valda och det icke valda alternativet i ett beslut som de tidigare fattat, ökar attraktivitets differensen mellan alternativen. Denna efterbesluts attraktivitets differentiering (konsolidering) verkar till fördel för det valda alternativet. KRecent research has shown that when decision makers in retrospect are asked to reproduce attractiveness evaluations (of aspects) of important characteristics (attributes) of a chosen and a non-chosen choice alternative, they exaggerate the attractiveness difference between the alternatives. This post-decision attractiveness differentiation (consolidation) works in favor of the chosen alternative.
Summary, key points: Transport considerations ought to be factored into the initial phase of the wheelchair & seating assessment process. Manufacturers of wheelchairs and seating systems should make information relating to the safe transportation of their products readily available - and easy to understand. With the desire to provide the safest possible transport environment for wheelchair-se
This thesis is a collection of four studies on pronominal anaphora resolution with a focus on first language (L1) attrition and prosody. In Study I, we explored the temporariness of attrition effects on anaphora resolution in L1 Italian speakers who moved to Sweden after puberty (i.e., late bilinguals). An experimental group of 20 late Italian-Swedish bilinguals and a control group of 21 Italian m
According to the Global Burden of Disease study, occupational exposures to particulates, gases and fumes were responsible for 0.36 million deaths and 8.8 million disability-adjusted life years globally in 2015. This thesis focuses on two occupational groups that are at risk for developing adverse health effects from the time they spend in their working environments: cleaning workers and workers in
AbstractIn this study visual representations of the concept of pressure in five physics textbooks for lower secondary school have been analysed in terms of how they communicate the concept of pressure, and also how these representations work together to explain what pressure is. Examples of visual representations are fonts, photographs, sketches, tables or mathematic formulas. The analysis will an
Coastal flooding and erosion are worldwide problems that are further aggravated by rising sea levels and increasing population densities in coastal areas. In many of those areas, sandy beaches and dunes protect thehinterland from waves and extreme water levels during storms, while providing natural and recreational values. Sandy coasts are dynamic systems. Thus, risk assessments and coastal manage
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ökad förståelse för hjärtats pumpfunktion är av stort intresse för att kunna förbättra diagnostik, behandling och prognoser för hjärtsjuka patienter. Blodflöde i hjärtat är direkt kopplat till hjärtats form och rörelse och kan därför vara en viktig markör för hjärtats funktion. Därför var målet med denna avhandling att utveckla och förbättra mätningar av blodflöde med hIncreased understanding of the pumping mechanics of the heart are of great importance to develop diagnostics, treatment and prognostics for cardiovascular diseases. Blood flow in the heart is connected to its anatomy and function, and may therefore be a sensitive marker of cardiac health and disease. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to develop and validate methods for quantification and visual
Thisthesis revisits and explores the relationship between verse and meaning bymeans of the notion of iconicity, i.e.,as signs primarily based on similarity. The aim of the thesis is to show howverse and its interaction with words and sentences create meaning and can be anintegrated part in the interpretation or understanding of the poem as a whole.Verse is discussed in relation to four other liter
Background. Natural gas makes a significant contribution to the current energy supply and its importance, in relation to both the German and worldwide energy supplies, will increase further in decades to come. In addition to its high degree of efficiency, the low level of direct GHG combustion emissions is also an advantageous factor. However, around 90% of natural gas is methane (CH4), which is t
For a modern company to stay competitive on the market, efficient solutions and production systems are often needed. The customer also request more variants while still paying the same low price as before. To keep cost as low as possible several strategies and aspects can be analysed and implemented. In order for IKEA to meet their goals and to be able to deliver according to their plans for the I
Denna uppsats behandlar arbetsgivare som säger upp arbetstagare på grund av arbetsbrist, men det verkliga skälet till uppsägningen grundar sig i personliga skäl som hänförs till den enskilda individen. Detta ämne benämns som fingerad arbetsbrist. Varför dessa situationer uppstår grundar sig i anställningsskyddet och att en uppsägning måste ske på saklig grund. De sakliga grunderna består av två kaThis essay processes employers who terminate employees due to a lack of work, but the real reason for the dismissal is based on personal reasons attributed to the individual. This topic is referred to as a induced labor shortage. Why these situations arise is based on employment protection and that termination must be done on a factual basis. The factual bases consist of two categories; lack of wo
Under 2016 antogs företaghemlighetsdirektivet i EU, för att harmonisera skyddet för företagshemligheter inom unionen. Den här uppsatsen behandlar företagshemlighetsdirektivet och de förändringar som dess implementering medför för svensk rätt, i synnerhet direktivets bestämmelser om ”intrångsgörande varor”. Den svenska lagen (1990:409) om skydd för företagshemligheter (FHL) är en konkurrensrättslDuring 2016 the EU adopted the Trade Secrets Directive, in order to harmonize the protection of trade secrets within the union. This essay examines the Trade Secrets Directive and the changes its implementation entails for the Swedish legal system, in particular the directive’s regulations regarding “infringing goods”. The Swedish law for the protection of trade secrets (“lagen (1990:409) om sky
Landskrona has for a long time had problems with high concentrations of Pb and other heavy metals in the air. Measurements investigating the content of airborne particles have been performed in 1977, 1988, 2003 and 2008 and show an influence from heavy industries, traffic in town and transboundary pollution. To investigate the air quality in terms of heavy metals in Landskrona today, the metal con
