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A molecular level understanding of the structural reorganization accompanying interfacial electron transfer is important for rational design of solar cells. Here we have applied XTA (X-ray transient absorption) spectroscopy to study transient structures in a heterogeneous interfacial system mimicking the charge separation process in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2) (RuN3)

We report on fabrication and optical characterization of GaAs nanopillar (NP) arrays, obtained using a combination of low-cost mask generation by self-assembled silica particles (nanosphere lithography) and dry etching. Tapered structures (conical and frustum NP arrays) are fabricated by appropriate optimization of process parameters. Significant suppression of surface reflectance is observed for

The performance of continuous time deltasigma modulators is limited by their large sensitivity to feedback pulse-width variations caused by clock jitter in their feedback DACs. To mitigate that effect, a dual switched- capacitor-resistor feedback DAC technique is proposed. The architecture has the additional benefit of reducing the typically high switched-capacitor-resistor DAC output peak current

The recent discovery of a topological phase transition in IV-VI narrow-gap semiconductors has revitalized the decades-old interest in the bulk band inversion occurring in these materials. Here we systematically study the (001) surface states of Pb1-xSnxSe mixed crystals by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in the parameter space 0 <= x <= 0.37 and 300 K >= T >= 9 K. Using the surf

Clubhouses are supposed to follow the International Clubhouse Standards, but they also need to make adaptations according to national and local contexts. This article compares the implementation of peer support elements in the clubhouse model in two different social contexts: the Swedish and the Japanese welfare systems. Participatory observations and interviews with members and staff at a Swedish

This paper presents a hardware architecture of pulse shaping filter used in multicarrier systems. The filter can be configured to be used for both transmitter and receiver with limited overhead. Generic implementation complexity analysis for a filter in a multicarrier system with N sub-carriers is presented, while the implemented architecture is for a system with 128 sub-carriers. The pulse shapin

This paper presents the design of a digital PLL which uses a high resolution Gated-Ring-Oscillator-Based Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) for low noise RF application. The TDC uses two gated ring oscillators (GRO) acting as the delay lines in an improved Vernier TDC. The already small quantization noise of the standard Vernier TDC is further first-order shaped by the GRO operation. Addition

We present a dynamical study of the double parton distribution in impact parameter space, which enters into the double scattering cross section in hadronic collisions. This distribution is analogous to the generalized parton densities in momentum space. We use the Lund Dipole Cascade model, presented in earlier articles, which is based on BFKL evolution including essential higher order corrections

A 10-bit 5-MS/s successive approximation ADC cell and a 70-MS/s parallel ADC array based on this cell, designed and fabricated in a 1.2-?m CMOS process, are presented. The ADC cell was designed to have an input bandwidth of more than 35 MHz and a sampling time of 14 nS at a clock rate of 70 MHz. The parallel ADC array consists of 14 such cells which are timed in one clock cycle skew successively i

Emerging multiculturalism in China's metropolitan areas implies people's frequent engagement in intercultural contacts and, therefore, creates a need for a mutual acculturation between the migrants and the host society. This research aimed to contribute to the study of immigrant adjustment in China by exploring the patterns of dietary acculturation among Russian immigrants residing in Beijing. The

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood, either as a stand-alone process or as pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis, is considered to result in higher sugar yields than one-step acid hydrolysis. However, this requires removal of the liquid between the two steps. In an industrial process, filtration and washing of the material between the two steps is difficult, as it

One-dimensional semiconductor nanowires are a promising candidate for future electronic devices. The epitaxial growth of nanowires is often mediated by metal seed particles, usually gold particles. In this paper the setup of a simple and robust technique to generate nanometer-sized aerosol gold particles by spark discharge is described. Furthermore we demonstrate for the first time that particles

This study uses a generalized linear model approach, i.e. negative binomial regression, to develop a predictive model for motorcycle fatal accidents on Malaysian primary roads. For the modeling process, a huge data inventory has been carried out, integrating the road geometry features, fatal accident records and traffic censuses from 3 selected states for the past 3-year period. The results show t

One major problem for integrating study results into a common body of knowledge is the heterogeneity of reporting styles: (1) It is difficult to locate relevant information and (2) important information is often missing. Reporting guidelines are expected to support a systematic, standardized presentation of empirical research, thus improving reporting in order to support readers in (1) finding the

The paper discusses the solution to the optimal adaptive control problem over an extended time horizon. This leads to a controller that have dual features, i.e., tt uses control actions as well as probing actions. The solution of the optimal dual control problem is intractable from a computational point of view. Approximations to obtain simpler suboptimal dual controllers are thus important. There

This paper is built upon recognizing the need that digital forensic investigators are required in many cases to investigate, understand and report on all kind of cyber-crime including novel security breaches which have not been performed in the past. When an investigator is faced with the challenge to explore a new threat, we argue that the inquiry dynamics do not differ from an organisational emp

A stochastic model based on a probability density function (PDF) was developed for the investigation of different conditions that determine knock in spark ignition (SI) engine, with focus on the turbulent mixing. The model used is based on a two-zone approach, where the burned and unburned gases are described as stochastic reactors. By using a stochastic ensemble to represent the PDF of the scalar

We consider the implications of a model for long-duration gamma-ray bursts in which the progenitor is spun up in a close binary by tidal interactions with a massive black-hole companion. We investigate a sample of such binaries produced by a binary population synthesis, and show that the model predicts several common features in the accretion on to the newly formed black hole. In all cases, the ac