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BACKGROUND: The risk of spinal haematoma in patients receiving epidural catheters is estimated using routine coagulation tests, but guidelines are inconsistent in their recommendations on what to do when results indicate slight hypocoagulation. Postoperative patients are prone to thrombosis, and thromboelastometry has previously shown hypercoagulation in this setting. We aimed to better understand

Silurian echinoderms from Ireland are poorly known; hitherto, only three nominal species have been described, all crinoids and all from the Telychian (Upper Llandovery, Lower Silurian) Kilbride Formation in County Galway. A new species from this formation, Crepidosoma doylei, is the first recorded Irish Silurian ophiuroid (brittle star). The new species is described from five articulated specimens

The initiation of a migraine attack involves a primary central nervous system dysfunction with subsequent activation of the trigeminovascular system. In trigeminal ganglia, the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. During migraine attacks, the level of released CGRP is increased. Meanwhi

In many natural ecosystems, predation is well recognized as a strong evolutionary force, and predator-mediated selection has been demonstrated to induce changes in prey morphology, life history and behaviour. In my thesis, I have focused on behavioural responses in aquatic prey under the risk of predation. I have used two different species of prey, the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) from high and low

The focus of the thesis is on selection and adaptation processes in bacteria with emphasis on denitrifying bacteria in groundwater. Other nitrogen transformation processes such as dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (nitrate ammonification) and nitrification of forest soil bacteria are briefly discussed. Intensive fertilisation of agricultural soils in southern Sweden have been performed

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING IMMUNFÖRSVARET OCH KOMPLEMENTSYSTEMET Till skydd mot infektioner har människan sitt immunförsvar. Här ingår till exempel vita blodkroppar och en mängd olika proteiner. En viktig grupp av proteiner kallas för komplementsystemet, vilket består av ca 30 proteiner som kan angripa bakterier och andra oönskade partiklar och delta i för-störThe ability of many pathogenic microorganisms to cause infection is dependent on their ability to evade attack by the complement system of the host. One mechanism by which microorganisms may avoid complement attack is to bind complement inhibitory molecules present in the host. This thesis describes studies of the complement inhibitor C4BP and of inter-actions between C4BP and the human pathogen

Context. Stellar evolution models predict that internal mixing should cause some sodium overabundance at the surface of red giants more massive than ~1.5-2.0 M⊙. The surface aluminium abundance should not be affected. Nevertheless, observational results disagree about the presence and/or the degree of Na and Al overabundances. In addition, Galactic chemical evolution models adopting different stel

Background: The globalisation of the economy and the labour markets has resulted in a growing proportion of individuals who find themselves in a precarious labour market situation, especially among the young. This pertains also to the Nordic countries, despite their characterisation as well developed welfare states with active labour market policies. This should be viewed against the background of

Idag används årligen över 2 miljoner ton bekämpningsmedel (BM) i världen. Avdessa står Sverige för drygt 9000 ton, eller knappt en halv procent. Den häravhandlingen handlar om att ta fram metoder för att bestämma rester av vissabekämpningsmedel i kroppsvätskor (urin) hos människor och sedan användametoderna för att mäta exponering för bekämpningsmedlen i en befolkningsgrupp. Arbetet är en del av fAlmost every human is exposed to pesticides, in work environments, by domestic use and via diet, drinking water and personal products. Current research expresses concern that low dose exposure over time can lead to adverse health effects. It is therefore important to biomonitor exposure to pesticides in different groups, especially vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. However, there is a gene

Parkinson's disease is associated with multiple cognitive impairments and increased risk of dementia, but the extent of these deficits varies widely among patients. The ICICLE-PD study was established to define the characteristics and prevalence of cognitive change soon after diagnosis, in a representative cohort of patients, using a multimodal approach. Specifically, we tested the 'Dual Syndrome'

Background and purpose We analysed the positional and structural stability of a long-term biodegradable liquid fiducial marker (BioXmark) for radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced lung cancer. Material and methods Markers were injected via endoscopic- or endobronchial ultrasound in lymph nodes and reachable primary tumours. Marker volume and Hounsfield Units (HU) changing rates were estim

Objective: The mechanisms and metabolomic profile underlying early vascular ageing have not been explored in the general population. We aimed to investigate the plasma metabolomic profile in aortic stiffness (vascular ageing) and associated risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population.Design and method: We analysed 108 metabolites in plasma of 5172 individuals fr

Background: Neurofibrillary tangle pathology is thought to drive neurodegeneration in beta-amyloid positive (A+) cognitively normal (CN) individuals, i.e., preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD).However, in beta-amyloid negative (A-) CN, the contribution of tau pathology [primary age-related tauopathy (PART)] to neurodegeneration remains uncertain. We investigate the correlation between tau burden m

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian pure endometrioid carcinomas.METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter study of patients with a histological diagnosis of pure endometrioid carcinoma. We identified 161 patients from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) database who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination by an experienced ultras

BACKGROUND: Pre-treatment with unfractionated heparin is common in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) protocols, but the effect on intracoronary thrombus burden is unknown. We studied the effect of heparin pre-treatment on intracoronary thrombus burden and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STEMI.METHODS: T

Purpose: To investigate the inflammatory response of current and future potential vitreous substitutes in an experimental in vivo vitrectomy model. Methods: Twenty-five gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed in the right eye of 60 pigmented rabbits, with subsequent injection of 0.5–1.0 ml of Healaflow® (cross-linked hyaluronic acid, n = 12), Bio-Alcamid® (polyalkylimide, n = 8), silicone oil (n

AbstractThis thesis investigates the use of digital resources in education with a 1-1 computer to student ratio. Studies were performed with a sociocultural perspective and in the light of the theory of affordances. The two studies differ methodologically but the shared topic is teachers’ usage of digital resources. Previous studies have shown that using digital resources to promote collaboration,

Aims: Hypertension is the leading cause for the development of heart failure (HF). Here, we aimed to identify cardiomyocyte stretch-induced circulating biomarkers for predicting hypertension-associated HF. Methods and results: Circulating levels of 149 proteins were measured by proximity extension assay at baseline examination in 4742 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. Protein level