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Finding life on a planet other than the Earth would easily be one of the greatest discoveries of all time, particularly so if it is found outside our Solar System. To do so, we must understand the conditions required for life to emerge and develop. Whilst an enormous amount of research has gone into understanding the requirements for life on Earth to have spontaneously arisen and then evolved, muc
Background: We wanted to evaluate if health care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients is equal in different regions of Sweden. Aim: To study differences in survival for MM depending on health care region and early use of modern treatment. Methods and results: Data from the Swedish Myeloma Register from patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2017 was used. Cohorts were defined by the six healthcare regi
Importance: Despite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient. Objective: To compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement. Design, Setting, and Pa
Background: High-dose haemodiafiltration has been shown, in a randomised clinical trial, to result in a 23% lower risk of mortality for patients with kidney failure when compared with conventional high-flux haemodialysis. Nevertheless, whether treatment effects differ across subgroups, whether a dose–response relationship with convection volume exists, and the effects on cause-specific mortality r
The aerodynamics and kinematics behind the flight of animals are relatively unknown. Although animal flight has been studied for several hundreds of years, it is only in recent time that we have the technical abilities to study the mechanistic basis of animal flight. This thesis represents an attempt to widen the knowledge about animal flight by studying one of the most advanced flyers of the natu
The root-associated habit has evolved on numerous occasions in different fungal lineages, suggesting a strong evolutionary pressure for saprotrophic fungi to switch to symbiotic associations with plants. Species within the ubiquitous, saprotrophic genus Mycena are frequently major components in molecular studies of root-associated fungal communities, suggesting that an evaluation of their trophic
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling sammanfattar studier av en ny biologisk markör för påvisande av alkoholmissbruk. Alkoholmissbruk är ett omfattande hälsoproblem i många delar av världen och Sverige är inte på något sätt undantaget. Man har beräknat att ca 15% av alla män och 10% av alla kvinnor i detta land står för hälften av all alkoholkonsumtion. Det föreligger alltså en onormal förBiological markers offer a way of assessing ethanol intake and determining whether a health problem is alcohol related. This study investigated the use of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood as a new marker of alcohol abuse. PEth is an abnormal phospholipid, formed only in the presence of ethanol via the transphosphatidylation reaction of phospholipase D (PLD). A new HPLC-evaporative light scatter
Microfluidic flows feature typically fully three-dimensional velocity fields. However, often the optical access for measurements is limited. Astigmatism or defocus particle tracking velocimetry is a technique that enables the 3D position determination of individual particles by the analysis of astigmatic/defocused particle images. The classification and position determination of particles is a tas
Experiments are carried out on partially premixed turbulent flames stabilized in a conical burner. The investigated gaseous fuels are methane, methane diluted with nitrogen, and Mixtures of CH4, CO, CO2, H-2 and N-2, Simulating typical products from gasification of biomass, and co-firing of gasification gas with methane. The fuel and air are partially premixed in concentric tubes. Flame stabilizat
Sociality in spiders has evolved independently multiple times, resulting in convergently evolved cooperative breeding and prey capture. In all social spiders, prey is captured by only a subset of group members and then shared with other, non-attacking group members. However, spiders' propensity to attack prey may differ among species due to species-specific trade-offs between risks, costs and bene
Reducing emissions is a priority for all vessels, as global warming is accelerating, and emissionregulations are becoming ever stricter. Still, waterborne transport is the most energy efficientalternative in many cases, and in some cases the only alternative. Vessels in the maritime sectoroperate far from electric charging infrastructure, and have large demands in terms of autonomy, so tobe able t
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-specific, carbohydrate-recognizing protein (lectin) that is strongly implicated in cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance. Galectin-3 promotes migration and ability to withstand drug treatment of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cells. Due to high amino acid conservation among galectins and the shallow nature of their glycan-binding
Background: Previous studies have shown variations in management routines for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Sweden. It is unknown if this management has changed after the publication of the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines in 2016 (SNC16). Also, knowledge of current practice routines may guide development of an efficient implementation strategy for the guidelines. The
A commercially available fuel, E85, a blend of ~85% ethanol and ~15% gasoline, can be a viable substitute for fossil fuels in internal combustion engines in order to achieve a reduction of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Ethanol is traditionally made of biomass, which makes it a part of the food-feed-fuel competition. New processes that reuse waste products from other industries have recently
Achromobacter is a genus of Gram-negative rods, which can cause persistent airway infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). The knowledge about virulence and clinical implications of Achromobacter is still limited, and it is not fully established whether Achromobacter infections contribute to disease progression or if it is a marker of poor lung function. The most commonly reported Achromoba
The complex pathophysiology underlying biological aging creates challenges for identifying biomarkers associated with frailty. This longitudinal, nontargeted proteomics study aimed to identify proteins associated with frailty, particularly the change from nonfrail to frail. The population-based Osteoporosis Prospective Risk Assessment cohort includes women all of whom are 75 years old at inclusion
Translating machine learning research into clinical practice has several challenges. In this paper, we identify some critical issues in translating research to clinical practice in the context of medical image segmentation and propose strategies to systematically address these challenges. Specifically, we focus on cases where the model yields erroneous segmentation, which we define as corner cases
Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, ex
Introduction: The lungs are the second most common site for metachronous metastases in colorectal cancer. No treatment algorithm is established, and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. This study aimed to map pulmonary recurrences in a modern multimodal treated population, and to evaluate survival depending on management. Methods: Retrospective study based on the COLOFOL-trial population
