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Background The perception of surgery as expensive and complex might be a barrier to its widespread acceptance in global health efforts. We did a systematic review and analysis of cost-effectiveness studies that assess surgical interventions in low-income and middle-income countries to help quantify the potential value of surgery. Methods We searched Medline for all relevant articles published betw

Background: There are several risk factors for the colonisation, infection and spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria among elderly residents of nursing homes. An updated estimate of the native prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens among Swedish nursing home residents is needed. Methods: Urine specimens were collected for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing agains

Background: High expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) has previously been associated with a favourable prognosis in a few cancer forms, but its expression and relationship with clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the clinicopathological correlates and prognostic significance of PIGR expr

Objective The complex genetic aetiology underlying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) needs to be assessed in large-scale genetic studies. Two independent IBS cohorts were genotyped to assess whether genetic variability in immune, neuronal and barrier integrity genes is associated with IBS. Design 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 270 genes were genotyped in an exploratory cohort (93

The aim of this project is to explore and understand the combustion phenomenon in engines operating on gaseous fuels, and develop technologies as an alternative to the present diesel engine technologies for heavy duty applications; which are facing severe challenges like stringent emissions norms, high technology costs and unsustainable fuel supply. The studies presented in this thesis focus on th

The 20q13 region is frequently amplified/overexpressed in breast tumours. However, the nature of this amplification/overexpression is unknown. Here, we investigated genetic variation in five 20q13 amplicon genes (MYBL2, AURKA, ZNF217, STK4 and PTPN1) and its impact on breast cancer (BC) susceptibility and clinical outcome. As a novel finding, four polymorphisms in STK4 (rs6017452, rs7271519) and A

In experimentally induced myocardial ischemia, mild hypothermia (33-35 degrees C) has a robust cardioprotective effect. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a profibrinolytic enzyme that is released from the vascular endothelial cells in response to ischemia and other injurious stimuli. t-PA has also been found to have proinflammatory properties that could contribute to reperfusion injury. We po

Fedorowski A, Hedblad B, Engstrom G, Gustav Smith J, Melander O (Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo; and Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Orthostatic hypotension and long-term incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Malmo Preventive Project. J Intern Med 2010; 268: 383-389. Objectives. Orthostatic hypotension (OH), a common manifestation of autonomic dysfunction, has b

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of lipid lowering drug, simvastatin, on apolipoprotein M expression in the hyperlipidemic mice and in hepatic cell line, HepG2 cells. METHODS: Swiss male mice were randomly divided into the high fat group and control group, and were intragastrically fed with 0.9% saline (control group) or lipid emulsion (high fat group) at the daily dosage of 15 ml/kg body weight

Author: Erika Kalliokulju and Jane Stensson Titel: Integration coaches work concerning asylum seeking children Supervisor: Johan Cronehed Assessorer: The aim of this study is to examine how Helsingborg, a town in Sweden, works with integration of unaccompanied asylum seeking children regarding a temporary home for refugee children and how integration of children which have received asylum is perfo

Den svenska rättegångsbalken bygger på den kontradiktoriska principen. Balken innehåller en rad regler som ger en misstänkt brottsförövare rättigheter inom straffprocessen, exempelvis är rätten till insyn och påverkan av central betydelse. Att få insyn i förundersökningen innebär en rätt att få tillgång till material som rör brottsutredningen. Möjligheten till påverkan i processen innefattar blandThe Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure is based on the adversarial principle. The Code contains a number of rules concerning the suspect’s rights in the criminal process, such as the right to insight and influence in the criminal investigation. Gaining insight into the investigation involves a right of access to the information of the investigation. The right to influence the process includes a ri

OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in treating patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CnCP) is questionable, and the potential risks of adverse effects are well established. The aims were as follows: (1) compare characteristics in patients exposed to LTOT vs non-exposed. (2) Regarding opioid-exposed patients, describe characteristics of patients with risk factors for opioi

Background: Eating disorders significantly impact physical health and have negative psychosocial consequences. The global burden of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa among young females is estimated to account for 1.9 million disability-adjusted life years. Early identification of disordered eating attitudes is critical for preventing the progression to more severe forms of eating disorders; ho

Background: Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare subtype, accounting for less than 5% of primary cutaneous invasive melanomas. DM often arises in chronically sun-exposed skin, in older individuals. While the incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased globally, trends specific to DM are less documented and studies on survival outcomes for DM are inconsistent. Objectives: To study patient and tum

Background: Several studies have investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and physical activity (PA). However, further research is needed using objective measures of PA in free-living conditions, while also accounting for the time-variant nature of MetS. This study aimed to: (1) investigate the association between wearable device-measured step count and 5-year MetS incidence

Objective: To investigate the association of different aspects of cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety with walking difficulties in daily life in persons with mild PD.Background: Walking difficulties in daily life are common among persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may cause falls and near falls, limitations in activity, restrictions in participation and decrease in quality of life.

Abstract The main influences on growing conditions in pastures and hayfields are grazing and mowing, which regulate the species struggle for space and resources. If the management ceases, this will contribute to a change of the vegetation. A succession starts where the plant cover gradually will change according to a specific pattern. After some time a few competitive species, previously disfavou

Immunoglobulins (Ig), particularly IgE, are believed to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and, equally, in allergic models of the disease. To validate this paradigm we examined homozygous mutant C57BL/6 mice, which are B cell deficient, lacking all Ig. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 10 micrograms ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum, followed by daily (day 14-20) 30 min exposure

Background: MRI is used to evaluate structural joint changes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but no long-term data are available for comparing different treatment approaches. Purpose: To describe structural joint damage with MRI over a 5-year period in the Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Nonsurgical versus Surgical Treatment (KANON) study and to compare frequencies of such tissue d