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The process simulator ASPEN PLUS was used for simulation of an ethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. The effect of water recycling, necessary to reduce the amount of waste water and to increase the ethanol concentration in the feed to the distillation, was investigated. For a process based on 20 t/h raw material, the amount of waste water can be red

A water activity control system for enzymatic synthesis in organic media, for litre-scale reactors has been constructed. Water activity, a(w), is a key factor when using enzymes in non-conventional media and the optimum value varies for different enzymes. The control system consists of a water activity sensor in the headspace of a jacketed glass reactor (equipped with narrow steel tubes to introdu

Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a CAG repeat in the HD gene. Degeneration concentrating in the basal ganglia has been thought to account for the characteristic psychiatric symptoms, cognitive decline and motor dysfunction. However, the homeostatic control of emotions and metabolism are disturbed early in HD, and focused studies have identified a

Dopamine replacement for Parkinson's disease (PD) have seen three major iterations of improvements since the introduction of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) pharmacotherapy: dopamine receptor agonists, ex vivo gene transfer for cell transplantation and most recently in vivo gene therapy. In this chapter, we describe the principles behind viral vector-mediated enzyme replacement in PD. We foc

In Huntington's disease (HD), the mutant huntingtin protein is ubiquitously expressed. The disease was considered to be limited to the basal ganglia, but recent studies have suggested a more widespread pathology involving hypothalamic dysfunction. Here we tested the hypothesis that expression of mutant huntingtin in the hypothalamus causes metabolic abnormalities. First, we showed that bacterial a

Viral vector-mediated gene transfer utilizing adeno-associated viral vectors has recently entered clinical testing as a novel tool for delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Clinical trials in Parkinson's disease using adeno-associated viral vector-based gene therapy have shown the safety of the approach. Further efforts in this area will show if gene-based approaches can rival the therapeut

Key Messages • Sweden has an ideal opportunity to become a more important effect, reflecting the views of several Swedish organisations active international partner in DRR and resilience activities, originating in this area. from its strong history of donor support and long engagement • Acting on this opportunity would enable timely Swedish in DRR. contributions to the increasing global debate on

The last ten years have seen a sharp increase in externally supported capacity development initiatives for disaster risk management. However, not all of them have generated sustainable results. The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the current focus on training as the main tool for capacity development in the context of disaster risk management, and to argue for the necessity to address capac

Society is becoming increasingly dynamic and complex, and therefore more vulnerable. It is thus important that society is resilient in order to be able to protect citizens and critical functions in the wake of disasters. It has been suggested that disaster risk reduction (DRR) is key in establishing resilience, and that adequate capacity in DRR is vital to reduce the effects of disasters. DRR and

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin (htt) gene. Neuropathology is most severe in the striatum and cerebral cortex. As mutant htt is ubiquitously expressed, it has not been possible to establish clear structure-to-function relationships for the clinical aspects. In the present study, we have injected recombinant adeno-as

Currently, the consumer decision-making is influenced by an increase of technological adoption, called multi-channel retailing, which can be defined as a retailer using a combination of integrated channels for promoting and selling products and services. Since there is a lack of knowledge about how the consumer decision-making in this context looks like, the purpose of the study is to redress the

From Gagnon and Simon's theories about sexual scripting and through an intersectional perspective sex and sexuality is analysed through six novels within romantic fiction. They are: Kathleen Winsors Forever Amber, Kathleen E. Woodiwiss The Flame and the Flower, Jackie Collins American Star samt E. L. James trilogi Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker och Fifty Shades Freed. Aided by the t

In 2003, the Kimberley Process, a public-private partnership gathering governments, the diamond industry and several civil society organizations, entered into force. This international scheme, aiming at fighting against conflict diamonds, imposed export bans on diamonds from the Marange Fields in the Eastern part of Zimbabwe and from the Central African Republic. Indeed, evidence of violations of

Despite a relatively highly institutionalized and developed policy field, the EU environmental legislation suffers from a persistent implementation deficit. Although the challenges concern the supranational actors of the EU as well, the academic focus has been on the Member State level and in attempts explaining the challenges the national authorities face while implementing the EU environmental l

7 miljoner människor dör varje år på grund av cigarrettrökning. Idag finns det flera olika produkter på marknaden som kan hjälpa personer att sluta denna dåliga vana. Den första var Nicorette® tuggummin. När McNeil AB producerar Nicorette® tuggummin, följer McNeil de strikta kraven på kvalité som de regulatoriska myndigheterna kräver. Dessa krav tvingar McNeil att slänga tonvis av tuggummin varje McNeil AB produces pharmaceutical chewing gums that contains nicotine. Since this smoking cessation product is a pharmaceutical, the regulatory agencies demand that any gums outside pre-set specifications are discarded. Some batches have more discarded material than others, due to the variability in the manufacturing process. By analysing this variability, the personnel could make choices that low

The separator is a machine with many applications, commonly used to separate liquids or solids into components with different density. Each application demands its own unique set of process parameters to achieve optimal results. Often the procedure of finding the best process parameters is conducted empirically, which can be very time consuming. This thesis aims to address this problem by providin

Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att få en djupare förståelse för hur Turkiet har hanterat yttrandefriheten. Denna undersökning analyserar två rättsfall där Europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna fastställde att Turkiet misslyckats i sin skyldighet att skydda yttrandefriheten för två av sina medborgare, Hrant Dink och Selahattin Demirtaş. Undersökningen inleds med att analysera rätThe purpose of this bachelor thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of how Turkey has dealt with freedom of expression. This study analyzes two court cases in which the European Court of Human Rights determined that Turkey failed in its obligation to protect the freedom of expression of two of its citizens, Hrant Dink and Selahattin Demirtaş. The study begins by analyzing the merits of the cases

This thesis project was performed in collaboration with Scania CV AB’s cab factory in Oskarshamn, Sweden, and the objective was to accomplish a product development process regarding a new assembly skid from an ergonomic perspective. A great number of aspects had to be noticed and evaluated, both regarding the process the skid is aiming to support and the product it concerns. The focus was the func

Ett stort antal studier har visat att grönyta kan fungera som en viktig åtgärd mot klimatrelaterade problem i stadsmiljö, exempelvis genom att fördröja och ta upp regnvatten och klimatpåverkande utsläpp till luft. Denna studie undersöker, genom en fallstudie, hur grönyta som klimatåtgärd motiveras och implementeras i svensk detaljplanering av stadsmiljö. Detta görs genom att intervjua planerare soThis study uses interviews of planners in the southern Swedish city of Malmoe, to investigate how green space as a climate measure is justifyed and implemented in detailed urban planning. The results suggest that planning of green space is justifyed and influenced mostly by social and aestetic arguments. The climate argument is of lower value, but is rising in importance within the organisation. T