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Bi2O3 is a promising material for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) due to the high ionic conductivity of some phases. The largest value is reached for its δ-phase, but it is normally stable at temperatures too high for SOFC operation, while nanostructured oxide is believed to have more suitable stabilization temperature. However, to manufacture such a material with a controlled chemical composition i
Glucose-induced insulin secretion depends on β-cell electrical activity. Inhibition of ATP-regulated potassium (KATP) channels is a key event in this process. However, KATP channel closure alone is not sufficient to induce β-cell electrical activity; activation of a depolarizing membrane current is also required. Here we examine the role of the mechanosensor ion channel PIEZO1 in this process. Yod
This protocol describes the design and use of CRISPRi-mediated transcriptional silencing in human iPSCs, for loss-of-function studies in brain development research. The protocol avoids single cell selection, thereby eliminating side effects of clonal expansion and sites of viral integration. We also describe a neural progenitor differentiation protocol and discuss the challenges of target-specific
Serious outcomes as stroke, arrythmia and death are relatively frequent in patients presenting with dizziness. Within 30 days almost one in five patients re-attended the ED due to dizziness and 2,8% needed ED evaluation due to a fall. Decision support tools to help identify serious conditions and predict preventable falls in ED patients with dizziness are needed.
Histology is a long standing and well-established gold standard for pathological characterizations. In recent years however, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) has become a tool for extending the imaging of two-dimensional thin sections into three-dimensional imaging of tissue blocks, enabling so-called virtual histology with arbitrary clipping planes, volumetric renderi
Fe(II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have emerged over the last decade as a promising class of light-harvesting complexes for a variety of photochemical applications relying on the presence of high-energy excited states of mainly charge-transfer character with excited state lifetimes of tens of picoseconds or longer. Recent spectroscopic investigations have significantly refined the under
Neurons with internal memory have been proposed for biological and bio-inspired neural networks, adding important functionality. We introduce an internal time-limited charge-based memory into a III-V nanowire (NW) based optoelectronic neural node circuit designed for handling optical signals in a neural network. The new circuit can receive inhibiting and exciting light signals, store them, perform
PURPOSE: Accurate whole-gland prostate segmentation is crucial for successful ultrasound-MRI fusion biopsy, focal cancer treatment, and radiation therapy techniques. Commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) models, using deep learning algorithms (DLAs) for prostate gland segmentation, are rapidly increasing in numbers. Typically, their performance in a true clinical context is scarcely
The distinct lineage potential is a key feature of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity, but a subset of HSCs specialized for a single lymphoid compartment has not been identified. Here we report that HSCs expressing junctional adhesion molecule 2 (Jam2) at a higher level (Jam2high HSCs) have a greater T cell reconstitution capacity. Jam2high HSCs are metabolically dormant but preferentiall
INTRODUCTION: More than 70 common alleles are known to be involved in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility, and several exhibit significant heterogeneity in their associations with different BC subtypes. Although there are differences in the association patterns between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and the general population for several loci, no study has comprehensively evaluated the associatio
AIMS: Although the epidemiological association between Type 2 diabetes and congestive heart failure (CHF) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well established, associations between diabetes-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), CHF, and CVD have been surprisingly inconclusive. Our aim is to examine if 43 diabetes-related SNPs were associated with prevalent diastolic dysfunction as
Objective- RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) and EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) are immune receptors for proinflammatory mediators. These receptors can also be found in a soluble form in the circulation. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) has shown atheroprotective properties in animal studies, possibly by acting as a decoy receptor for its ligands. Whether sEMMPRIN (
The coalescence of liquid droplets with a liquid stream has profound importance in various emerging applications, such as biochemical assays. Acoustic force-based droplet manipulation, which offers unique advantages, is consequently gaining attention. However, the physics of acoustics-driven coalescence of liquid droplets with a liquid stream is not well understood. Here, we unravel the mechanism
Rostrocaudal patterning of the neural tube is a defining event in vertebrate brain development. This process is driven by morphogen gradients which specify the fate of neural progenitor cells, leading to the partitioning of the tube. Although this is extensively studied experimentally, an integrated view of the genetic circuitry is lacking. Here, we present a minimal gene regulatory model for rost
The emerging notion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as a low-primed cloud without sharply demarcated gene expression programs raises the question on how cellular-fate options emerge and at which stem-like stage lineage priming is initiated. Here, we investigate single-cell chromatin accessibility of Lineage-, cKit+, and Sca1+ (LSK) HSPCs spanning the early differentiation landsc
This paper is a report of recommendations for addressing translational challenges in amyloid disease research. They were developed during and following an international online workshop organized by the LINXS Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-Ray Science in March 2021. Key suggestions include improving cross-cultural communication between basic science and clinical research, increasing the influe
Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are rare immune cells critical for the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, although the genetic program driving human cDC1 specification remains largely unexplored. We previously identified PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 transcription factors as sufficient to induce cDC1 fate in mouse fibroblasts, but reprogramming of human somatic cells was lim
Background: The immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a new target for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), but the effects of LAG3 on atherosclerosis are not known. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of LAG3 on plaque inflammation using murine hypercholesterolemic models of atherosclerosis. Methods: To study the role of LAG3 in atherosclerosis, we i
Background: Diet and physical activity (PA) are modifiable risk factors thought to influence the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). However, few studies have examined their effect on different subtypes of IS. Aim: To examine components of overall diet quality and different types of PA in relation to the risk of atherothrombotic IS (aIS). Materials and methods: The study population included 23,797 parti
