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The auto-ignition caused by oblique shocks was investigated experimentally in a supersonic flow regime, with the incoming flow at a Mach number of 2.5. The transient characteristics of the auto-ignition caused by shock evolvements were recorded with a schlieren photography system, and the initial flame kernel generation and subsequent propagation were recorded using a high-speed camera. The fuel m

The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has inspired novel methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. For closely spaced x-ray pulses that can be varied on ultrafast time scales, we have constructed a pair of advanced instruments to conduct studies targeting quantum materials. We first describe a prototype instrument built to test the proof-of-princi

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in human pregnancy is associated with perinatal mortality, short- and long-term morbidities. No prenatal therapy is currently established despite decades of research. We aimed to review interventions in animal models for prenatal FGR treatment, and to seek the next steps for an effective clinical therapy. We registered our protocol and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and T

Calls for urgent action to conserve biodiversity under global change are increasing, and conservation of migratory species in this context poses special challenges. In the last two decades the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) has provided a framework for several subsidiary instruments including action plans for migratory bird species, but the effectiveness

Heat exchanger network synthesis is an essential optimisation tool for Process Integration, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Proper design or retrofit of heat exchanger network can enable energy conservation, efficiency improvement, and process debottlenecking. Many earlier pieces of research have focused on the impact of the network structure and process features such as network topol

Jet impingement cooling was investigated on a flat heating surface placed in a flow channel, including single jet cooling, in-line double jet cooling, and combined crossflow and jet cooling; cross-flow cooling was a baseline for comparison. In addition, the in-line double jet cooling was explored with various jet distances. Local Nusselt number distribution was experimentally achieved by the liqui

The demand for fast and energy efficient (opto-)electronic applications needs high mobility semiconductor materials, such as InAs with a very high electron mobility and GaSb with a very high hole mobility. Beyond the material itself, also an innovative device geometry is needed, for example, the gate-all-around geometry that provides higher efficiency and electrostatic control for computational un

In this work, a discontinuous airfoil fin printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) was used as a recuperator in a micro gas turbine system. The effects of the airfoil fin geometry parameters (arc height, maximum arc height position, and airfoil thickness) and the airfoil fin arrangements (horizontal and vertical spacings) on the PCHE channel’s thermo-hydraulic performance were extensively examined by

We investigate the impact of impurity configuration on electronic and optical properties of YVO4 through application of plane-wave DFT. Since this crystal is a common host material for optical devices and it has been widely used as a phosphor and a laser host material, it is important to identify a correlation between impurity location and the intrinsic properties of the material. To further impro

Efficient thermal management of lithium battery modules has become a thorny problem in the development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), especially under high current discharge. In this article, the fin/phase change material (PCM) composite structure was proposed for AUV's battery thermal management with consideration of natural convection. The temperature behavior of the battery and the m

Background: Norm values for patient reported outcomes, that is knowledge about how the general population of women rate their breast-related satisfaction and quality of life, are necessary to interpret the meaning of scores. The aims of this study were to create Swedish normative values for the BREAST-Q reduction/mastopexy module and to describe what healthy women are most satisfied/dissatisfied w

This research investigated convective heat transfer and hydraulic resistance of smooth and corrugated double-tube heat exchangers at various flow rates from 60 L/h to 200 L/h. The inner tube with a thread structure is designed with three pitches, i.e., 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm. Nanofluids are used as tube-side fluids to analyze the enhancement of heat transfer on the inner tube side. Results show that

The internal heat exchangers of a vehicle in driving are excited by forced vibration due to road bumps. But the effect of this phenomenon on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the heat exchanger has not been systematically studied. To investigate the influence of this vibration on the heat transfer characteristics, a numerical model of the rectangular heat exchanger unit channel under vibration

[223Ra]RaCl2 is the first approved a-particle-emitting therapy and is indicated for treatment of bonemetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Approximately half the dose is absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract within minutes of administration, limiting disease-site uptake and contributing to toxicity. Here,we investigated the role of enteric ion channels and their modulation for improv

Background: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been associated with the risk of developing major bleedings, including but not restricted to intracranial hemorrhages, in patients on oral anticoagulants or dual antiplatelet therapy. We hypothesized that there may be an association of GDF-15 with incidence of hemorrhagic strokes in the general population, which has not been investigated be

Importance: Novel plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated tau (p-tau), can detect brain tau aggregates in Alzheimer disease. Objective: To determine which plasma biomarker combinations can accurately detect tau pathological brain changes in Down syndrome (DS). Design, Setting, and Participants: The cross-sectional, multicenter Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome study included adul

The aim was to investigate associations between health locus of control (HLC) and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and other cause mortality. A public health postal questionnaire was distributed in the autumn of 2008 to a stratified random sample of the 18–80 year old adult population in Scania in southernmost Sweden. The participation rate was 54.1%, and 25,517 participants were included i

Background: HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been found to have high acceptability among men who have sex with men (MSM) internationally and might contribute to increase testing frequencies, but many countries, including Sweden, lack policies for using HIVST. Objective: To examine interest to use and willingness to pay for HIVST, and associated factors, among MSM attending HIV testing venues in Sweden

The gas flow field design plays a vital role in the cell performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, especially at high current densities. In this study, wavy flow channels are designed and adopted on the cathode side to enhance the mass transport process. Results demonstrate that the wavy flow channels proposed in this paper significantly improve cell performance at high current densities