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Characteristics of healthy vascular ageing in pooled population-based cohort studies : the global Metabolic syndrome and Artery REsearch Consortium

OBJECTIVE: Arterial ageing is characterized by increasing arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). This process is enhanced in participants with early vascular ageing (EVA), but slowed in participants with healthy vascular ageing (HVA). We aimed to describe characteristics of EVA and HVA in a transcontinental study including 11 cohorts.METHODS: In all, 18 490 participants from

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: 2018 Update

Purpose of Review: The environmental triggers of islet autoimmunity leading to type 1 diabetes (T1D) need to be elucidated to inform primary prevention. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study follows from birth 8676 children with T1D risk HLA-DR-DQ genotypes in the USA, Finland, Germany, and Sweden. Most study participants (89%) have no first-degree relative with T1D

Multiple Late Holocene surges of a High-Arctic tidewater glacier system in Svalbard

Most large tidewater glaciers in Svalbard are known to have surged at least once in the last few hundred years. However, very little information exists on the frequency, timing or magnitude of surges prior to the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum in ∼1900. We investigate the sediment-landform assemblages produced by multiple advances of the Nathorstbreen glacier system (NGS) in order to reconstruct its

Longitudinal monoaminergic PET imaging of chronic proteasome inhibition in minipigs

Impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system has been implicated in Parkinson’s disease. We used positron emission tomography to investigate longitudinal effects of chronic intracerebroventricular exposure to the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin on monoaminergic projections and neuroinflammation. Göttingen minipigs were implanted in the cisterna magna with a catheter connected to a subcutaneous i

Ballistic tracks in graphene nanoribbons

High quality graphene nanoribbons epitaxially grown on the sidewalls of silicon carbide (SiC) mesa structures stand as key building blocks for graphene-based nanoelectronics. Such ribbons display 1D single-channel ballistic transport at room temperature with exceptionally long mean free paths. Here, using spatially-resolved two-point probe (2PP) measurements, we selectively access and directly ima

Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Peptide, Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide and Headache Targets in the Trigeminal Ganglia of Rats and Humans

Neurotransmitter and headache target localization in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) might increase the understanding of sites of action, and mechanisms related to headache therapy. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the presence of migraine targets in the TG with particular emphasis on pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), know

Impact of Exercise on Hemophilia

Sports and strenuous exercise have traditionally been discouraged for people with hemophilia (PWH) because of the perceived risk of bleeding. In this review, studies investigating the pros and cons of exercise are presented, and although most studies are of low validity, the randomized trials that do exist tell us that PWH benefit from exercise in terms of improved muscular function, endurance, an

Falls resulting in health care among older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population

BACKGROUND: Falls are common among older people with intellectual disability (ID) and are also a major contributor to injuries in this population. Yet, fall characteristics have only been sparsely studied, and the results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate type of falls, places where they occurred and activities that caused them, as well as health outcomes and health

Short leucine-rich proteoglycans modulate complement activity and increase killing of the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis

The respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-specific commensal that frequently causes acute otitis media in children and stimulates acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. The exact molecular mechanisms defining host-pathogen interactions promoting pathogenesis are not clearly understood. Limited knowledge hampers vaccine and immunotherapeutic developme

Reduction in White Blood Cell, Neutrophil, and Red Blood Cell Counts Related to Sex, HLA, and Islet Autoantibodies in Swedish TEDDY Children at Increased Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

Islet autoantibodies (IAs) precede the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the knowledge is limited about whether the prodrome affects complete blood counts (CBCs) in 4- to 12-year-old children with increased genetic risk for T1D. This study tested whether CBCs were altered in 4- to 12-year-old children without (n = 376) or with one or several IAs against insulin, GAD65, or IA-2 (n =

Patient-Reported Outcomes Are More Important Than Objective Inflammatory Markers for Sick Leave in Biologics-Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective: To study the impact of common noncomposite disease activity measures on sick leave in biologics-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Data from study visits by biologics-treated RA patients of working age (<65 years) in the observational South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group Register between 2005 and 2011, were included (5,118 visits by 941 patients). We performed

A Comparison of Refugee Education Policy and Practice in England and Sweden: Participatory Parity in Schooling and Moves Towards Ordinariness

There are more child refugees in Europe than at any point since the end of the Second World War (Save the Children 2016). This is affecting both communities on the move and communities where uprooted people are resettling. A humanitarian problem on this scale demands a socially just response. For young refugees, education is a fundamental means of integrating into their new context and the act

Scale-dependent foraging tradeoff allows competitive coexistence

In spatially heterogeneous environments, coexistence between competing species can be facilitated by spatially mediated tradeoffs. In this paper we develop a mechanistic model to investigate under which circumstances interspecific differences in the tradeoff between foraging efficiency and travel costs can allow two central place foraging species to coexist in spite of considerable overlap in reso

First record of Cyanobacteria in Cambrian Orsten deposits of Sweden

The Swedish Cambrian ‘Orsten’-type fossil sites have yielded diverse secondarily phosphatized three-dimensionally preserved microfossils, mainly of arthropod affinities. Similar material has also been recorded from Canada, the UK, Poland, Siberia, China and Australia. Only one other non-arthropod group, the Cycloneuralia, is commonly reported from any of these sites, leading to the general assumpt

NAD+ repletion produces no therapeutic effect in mice with respiratory chain complex III deficiency and chronic energy deprivation

Biosynthetic precursors of NAD+ can replenish a decreased cellular NAD+ pool and, supposedly via sirtuin (SIRT) deacetylases, improvemitochondrial function.Wefound decreased hepaticNAD+ concentration and downregulated biosynthesis in Bcs1lp.S78G knock-in mice with respiratory chain complex III deficiency and mitochondrial hepatopathy. Aiming at ameliorating disease progression via NAD+ repletion a

Cell cycle synchronization of embryonic stem cells : Effect of serum deprivation on the differentiation of embryonic bodies in vitro

Research on stem-cell transplantation has indicated that the success of transplantation largely depends on synchronizing donor cells into the G0/G1 phase. In this study, we investigated the profile of embryonic stem (ES) cell synchronization and its effect on the formation of embryonic bodies (EBs) using cell culture with serum deprivation. The D3 cell line of ES cells was used, and parameters suc