Transformation-based learning (TBL) is a machine learning method for, in particular, sequential classification, invented by Eric Brill [Brill 1993b, 1995a]. It is widely used within computational linguistics and natural language processing, but surprisingly little in other areas. TBL is a simple yet flexible paradigm, which achieves competitive or even state-of-the-art performance in several area

Narcolepsy is a lifelong sleep disorder related to hypocretin deficiency resulting from a specific loss of hypocretin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area. The disease is thought to be autoimmune due to a strong association with HLA-DQB1*06:02. In 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the H1N1 2009 flu pandemic (A/H1N1PDM09). In response to this, the Swedish vaccination c

To determine the relationship between long-term change in activities of daily living (ADL) and falls in the elderly and to identify characteristics of groups at risk for falls.

While recent LGBT rights demonstrations and discussions about same-sex marriage have thrust the issue of homosexuality into the spotlight, it was not long ago that the issue of homosexuality was notable by its absence in Vietnam. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with young gay, lesbian and bisexual people in Vietnam's capital city Hanoi, this paper considers the increasing visibility of homos

PURPOSE: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery often require transfusions of red blood cells, plasma and platelets. These components differ widely in both indications for use and composition. However, from a statistical point of view there is a significant colinearity between the components. This study explores the relation between the transfusion of different blood components and long-term mortalit

Clinically, the leading symptom in von Willebrand disease (VWD) is bleeding, chiefly of mucosal type, for example, epistaxis, gingival, or gastrointestinal bleeding, and menorrhagia. In severe forms of VWD with secondary deficiency of factor VIII, spontaneous joint bleeding, resembling that observed in severe haemophilia A, may also be observed. The bleeding patterns of VWD can affect quality of l

To analyse the differences between patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) entered into randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and those followed in large observational cohorts.

The societal need for new central nervous system (CNS) medicines is substantial, because of the global increase in life expectancy and the accompanying increase in age-related CNS diseases. Low blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability has been one of the major causes of failure for new CNS drug candidates. There has therefore been a great interest in cell models, which mimic BBB permeation propertie

We report the first measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries in J/psi production from transversely polarized p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV with data taken by the PHENIX experiment in 2006 and 2008. The measurement was performed over the rapidity ranges 1.2 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.2 and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.35 for transverse momenta up to 6 GeV/c. J/psi producti

Semiconductor-oxide heterointerfaces have several electron volts high-charge carrier potential barriers, which may enable devices utilizing quantum confinement at room temperature. While a single heterointerface is easily formed by oxide deposition on a crystalline semiconductor, as in MOS transistors, the amorphous structure of most oxides inhibits epitaxy of a second semiconductor layer. Here, w

Telomere length is restored primarily through the action of the reverse transcriptase telomerase, which may contribute to a prolonged lifespan in some but not all species and may result in longer telomeres in one sex than the other. To what extent this is an effect of proximate mechanisms (e.g. higher stress in males, higher oestradiol/oestrogen levels in females), or is an evolved adaptation (str

Previous work by one of the authors reported the stress-field for a fully-constrained hydride embedded in matrix computed using finite element method to develop an understanding of the temperature dependence of susceptibility of Zr-alloys to hydride embrittlement. It was observed that the nature and magnitude of stress field in the matrix and hydride depended on whether the hydride is expanding (e

Arsenic is carcinogenic, possibly partly through epigenetic mechanisms. We evaluated the effects of arsenic exposure and metabolism on DNA methylation. Arsenic exposure and methylation efficiency in 202 women in the Argentinean Andes were assessed from concentrations of arsenic metabolites in urine (inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid [MMA], and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA]), measured by HPLC-ICPM

Background: Little is known about early morphologic change occurring with an acute injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. Magnetic resonance imaging was used in this study to investigate the two-year change in cartilage thickness, bone marrow lesions, and joint fluid of knees with acute anterior cruciate ligament injury treated surgically or nonsurgically and to identify factors associated with

Ebf1 is a transcription factor with documented dose dependent functions in normal and malignant B-lymphocyte development. To understand more about the roles of Ebf1 in malignant transformation, we investigated the impact of reduced functional Ebf1 dosage on mouse B-cell progenitors. Gene expression analysis suggested that Ebf1 was involved in the regulation of genes important for DNA repair as wel

BACKGROUND: The resource use and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity are not well known. The purpose of this study was to obtain estimates of resource utilization, costs, and HRQoL, for patients with different levels of MS spasticity in southern Sweden. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data on spasticity severity (using a Numerical Rating

A recently proposed time-varying generalisation of Vinnicombe's v-gap is shown to have the properties of a metric on a class of causal linear continuous-time systems that admit normalised strong graph representations. An alternative time-varying gap metric is then defined in more general terms and a corresponding robust stability result is derived for linear feedback interconnections. Finally, it

In this work, we present and discuss simulation results for the design of multi-channel neutron focusing guides for extreme sample environments. A single focusing guide consists of any number of supermirror-coated curved outer channels surrounding a central channel. Furthermore, a guide is separated into two sections in order to allow for extension into a sample environment. The performance of a g

Introduction: Many individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) live alone, and this figure is expected to increase. This study aimed to describe the cognitive and functional abilities of solitary-living AD patients, and the potential predictors of their usage of community-based services. Methods: This 3-year, prospective, multicenter study included 1,021 participants with mild-to-moderate AD (Mini-M