The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive of the European Commission places the responsibility on producers to finance collection and treatment of waste deposited at collection facilities after 13 August 2005, on a collective or individual basis. For "historic" waste, put on the market before this date, producers are responsible for a proportion of their respective share of

Switching from oil to biofuels appears to be good business for the Swedish pulp and paper industry today. Mixing traditional wood fuels with sludge residues makes the transition even more profitable. Public financial support of 159 MSEK has pulled the four pulp and paper industries studied in this thesis to invest another 538 MSEK, creating annual cost savings of 150 MSEK per year. This thesis sho

During the next years, environmental pressures due to consumption are expected to continue increasing, driven by per capita income increases and resource intensive lifestyles. Although significant income and consumption increases have been experienced, the average level of subjective well being has remained stable over time. This research explores the individual's choice between income and ma

Developing countries are particularly new to the usage of voluntary environmental agreements and they have not fully explored the opportunity to take advantage of companies that are willing to regulate themselves voluntarily. Their formal regulative environment is often hampered by the absence of clear and enforced environmental standards, lack of human and financial resources. This paper provide

Commercial banks in China, such as the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) should take environmental considerations into their business operations and policies to 'green' their business, from the perspective of risk management and business marketing. This is not only the social responsibility for them as a corporate citizen which is playing an important role in the business life

The formation of industry standards for environmental issues and corporate social responsibility is gaining acceptance but the number of successfully implemented programs are few. On an individual level companies have for some time applied company standards or codes of conduct. But on a collective level cooperation seems much more difficult. Although from an economic point of view there are clear

Since the early days of the transition process, the negative impact on the environment is very visible in Armenia. In this situation, there is an urgent need for coherent environmental policy, legislation, and institutional structure. It is particularly necessary for the municipal solid waste (MSW) management sector, which has been neglected for many years. In this context research has been carri

Europe is struggling to reduce its CO2 emissions and to fulfil commitments made according to Kyoto protocol. At the same time, Europe does not possess enough fossil energy resources to cover its needs and thus consumption of imported fossil fuels is growing, placing threats upon economic stability. In order to combat these challenges, renewable energy sources and biomass in particular are expected

Uppsatsen behandlar mottagandet av Wallanderfilmerna från Ystad i svensk dags- och kvällspress. Den utgår teoretiskt från receptionsteorin såsom den presenterats av bl.a. Janet Staiger och behandlar främst filmerna "Innan frosten" (2005) och "Mastermind" (2005). Uppsatsen visar på och analyserar skillnaderna i mottagandet av de bägge filmerna och föreslår därefter några möjliga

An energy service company (ESCO) is an example of an atypical business concept that generates greater positive externalities as its business grows. The basic business concept of an ESCO is a company that installs energy efficient improvements in their customers' buildings, such as new lighting and ventilation systems, and then recovers expenditures and gains profits by splitting the resulting

Many countries have chosen tourism as a tool for economic development. Economic leakage is a phenomenon that always occurs in the tourism industry of every country. Although this issue has been mentioned for over a half century, it seems that only few researchers have done a thorough analysis about this subject. Despite this fact, it by no means implies that economic leakage should be underestimat

The argument whether women should drink alcohol during pregnancy, has been debated for centuries. Women's drinking behaviour throughout the ages is not a static phenomenon but has changed in compliance with the customs of the time. The purpose of this study was not to evaluate if alcohol damages the unborn child, but rather to explore how women, who have just given birth and hence have become

In New York City, in the United States as a whole, and in the rest of the world, there are many projects with high performance features and environmental ambitions already completed or being built. Unfortunately, few projects are consistently followed-up and evaluated, which means that valuable information is lost. For this reason, this research attempts to gather information from high performanc

As the country aiming to join the European Union, Georgia will need to be able to comply with the EU requirements. This applies to the waste management sector as well. The thesis focuses on the situation with the municipal solid waste management in Georgia illustrated with the case of its capital, Tbilisi. The backcasting approach is used to find out the way that will improve the situation in the

Current practices of the third-party assurance on the corporate sustainability report have been badly criticized as they failed the expectations from stakeholders. Stakeholder involvement was suggested as one idea to close the expectation gap in the third-party assurance. Literature review, case studies in leading-edge reports and interviews with 28 Swedish reporting organizations and their assura

The industrial development has during the last century caused a disturbance to the ecological system in the ecosphere, and many industrial processes are still systematically causing harm. In an increasing manner this is raising a demand for technology that reduce the burdens on the ecological system. The innovation of technology that responds to these demands is important, not just for human well

Identifying the critical factors for the promotion of energy crops within EU-15, this thesis focuses on identifying the various measures under Common Agricultural Policy for the promotion of dedicated energy crops. The main critical factors relate to energy crops identified are: o Land Availability o Perceptual challenges o Ecological issues o Resource Competition, and o Policy development

Undersökningens syfte är att analysera de viktigaste dragen i den postmodernistiska estetiken, baserat på en läsning av 3 ryska författares verk, samt att klarlägga den ryska postmodernismens särdrag i jämförelse med den västerländska och slutligen reflektera lite grann över postmodernismens framtid. Min hypotes är att den tidiga ryska postmodernismen hade flera drag gemensamma med modernismen, me

Due to the increasing expectation in society that companies act responsibly and take into account the constraints of the natural environment, there is a growing need to manage the environmental challenge in a way, if possible, that contributes to overall competitiveness. The purpose of this thesis is to identify how environmental initiatives contribute to competitiveness, considering a specific t

The aim of this paper is to study the extent to which non-Annex I countries are implementing or exploring select actions that support both climate change mitigation and sustainable development objectives in the energy sector. The research is based on a survey of the national communications of 100 non-Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC. Although national communications are intended to provide informatio