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Peak aerobic power in humans ((V) over dot(O2), peak) is markedly affected by inspired O-2 tension (F-IO2). The question to be answered in this study is what factor plays a major role in the limitation of muscle peak. (V) over dot(O2) in hypoxia: arterial O-2 partial pressure (P-a,(O2)) or O-2 content (C-a,C-O2)? Thus, cardiac output (dye dilution with Cardio-green), leg blood flow (thermodilution

At Mach number 3.4, visualisation experiments of flowover backward-facing step (BFS) with or without roughness band attached on upstream wall are carried out via traditional schlieren and newly developed nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering (NPLS). The time-averaged flow characteristic of the reattachment region and the instantaneous rich structures of the redeveloping boundary layer in the s

A small rectangular strip of fcc Cu, containing a through crack on the nanoscale and subjected to loading under displacement control, is simulated using molecular dynamics (MD). The geometry is highly constrained and chosen to mimic that of a thin film between two stiff layers. The Lennard Jones pair potential is used for the inter-atomic forces. The centrally placed crack-shaped void is created b

Amplitudes, rates, periodicities, causes and future trends of temperature variations based on tree rings for the past 2485 years on the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed. The results showed that extreme climatic events on the Plateau, such as the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th Century Warming appeared synchronously with those in other places worldwide. The largest amplit

Popular Abstract in Swedish Minst en miljon friska levnadsår går förlorade varje år på grund av trafikbuller i Västeuropa. Buller stör vardagsaktiviteter och sömn, samt har kopplats samman med flera andra dåliga effekter på livskvalitet och hälsa, bland annat ökad risk för högt blodtryck och hjärtinfarkt. Vi vet från tidigare forskning att de dåliga effekterna av trafikbuller kan ändras av socialaTraffic noise causes annoyance and sleep disturbance and has been linked with several other adverse effects on life quality and health, including increased risk of hypertension and myocardial infarction. Conservative estimates assume that at least one million healthy life years are lost every year from traffic related noise in the western part of Europe. We know from earlier studies that the adver

This paper describes the trigger and offline reconstruction, identification and energy calibration algorithms for hadronic decays of tau leptons employed for the data collected from pp collisions in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC center-of-mass energy root s = 8 TeV. The performance of these algorithms is measured in most cases with Z decays to tau leptons using the full 2012 dataset, cor

Adequate circulating blood volume is a prerequisite for circulatory stability. Fluid therapy aims at correcting hypovolaemia, and is an important part of the haemodynamic management of perioperative and critically ill patients. The efficacy of plasma volume substitution largely depends on the pharmacological properties of the colloid solutions used. However, according to the 2-pore theory for tran

Arthropod predators and detritivores are among the first colonisers on land surfaces undergoing primary succession. In the absence of higher plants and herbivores, they may either have an allochthonous food source (i.e. of geographically distant origin) or local food source that is sustained by e.g. microorganisms. By studying spiders and collembolans on sites along chronosequences on recently eme

A new species, Ovealmbornia reginae from South Africa, is described, illustrated and compared with related species. A combined phylogenetic data set based on ITS and 28S nrLSU and 12S mtSSU sequences of the genera in the Dufourea clade is provided, (i. e. the genera Dufourea, Jackelixia, Langeottia, Ovealmbornia and Xanthokarrooa). Corrections of GenBank data for the genus Ovealmbornia and a key t

We have prepared and studied a new class of anion conducting membrane materials functionalized with N-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium (QA) cations formed via cyclo-quaternization reactions involving pyrrolidine, piperidine and azepane, respectively. These groups were introduced in pairs, adjoined through fused phenyl rings along poly(arylene ether sulfone) backbones. Despite their bulkiness, the b

Effects of dynamic ultra-high pressure homogenisation (UHPH) on the micro-and macrostructure of whey protein-depleted milk concentrate solutions with different mineral concentrations (5.0, 7.5, 10.0%, w/w), pH (5.8, 6.2, 6.6) and amount of added sodium chloride (0, 1.5, 3.0%, w/w) were investigated. Significantly increased viscosity was observed in samples at pH 5.8 without added NaCl and with UHP

The innate immune system in humans has succeeded in developing numerous mechanisms against the injurious effects of bacteria, along with their toxins as a result of several thousand years of co-evolution. The oral mucosal surface represents such a unique environment, where despite being constantly exposed to microbes and their products, overt infection and damage is a rarity. An important componen

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remains one of the most common cancers in the US, with survival dependent on the type and stage of disease. B-cell lymphomas account for similar to 85% of all cases of NHL, and are commonly treated with chemotherapy, or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that t arget CD20 antigens on the surface of malignant tumors. The use of mAbs, either as single agents or in combination wi

The role of G alpha i proteins coupled to chemokine receptors in directed migration of immune cells is well understood. In this study we show that the separate class of G alpha q/11 proteins is required for the underlying ability of T cells to migrate both randomly and in a directed chemokine-dependent manner. Interfering with G alpha q or G alpha 11 using dominant negative cDNA constructs or siRN

Using first-principles total energy calculations we have found complex defects induced by N incorporation in GaAsN. The formation energy of the Ga interstitial atom is very significantly decreased due to local effects within the defect complex. The stability of the Ga interstitials is further increased at surfaces. The present results suggest that the energetically favorable Ga interstitial atoms

Adopting the hypothesis about the exact cancellation of vacuum condensates contributions to the ground state energy in particle physics to the leading order in graviton-mediated interactions, we argue that the observable cosmological constant can be dynamically induced by an uncompensated quantum gravity correction to them after the QCD phase transition epoch. To start with, we demonstrate a possi

This work deals with electro-viscoelastic modelling and simulation of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA), including the case of deformation dependent electromechanical coupling. A large deformation modelling framework is adopted, and specific thermo- dynamically consistent material models are established. The general framework is applied to VHB49 polyacrylic polymers which are commonly used in D