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In this study, the quotients (Q) between metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were studied in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and referents to investigate if the leakage through the blood-CSF barrier (BCB) increased with increased duration and severity of the disease. Concentrations of 18 metals (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Hg, and

The Tunisian Dorsal area is representative of the semiarid Mediterranean region in terms of water resources availability as well as exceptional rainfall characteristics, runoff generation, and soil loss risk. In this context, soil properties, surface management practices together with highly intensive rainfall make the soils vulnerable to erosion. If the exceptional rainfall characteristics are li

The “constructivist turn” in International Relations has enhanced our understanding of the power of ideational phenomena such as ideas, norms and identity in world politics . This turn also paved the way for debates on normative power and norm transfer, which have proved to offer fruitful insights into EU normative power and the EU’s identity as an international actor. Exploring the modes of gover

Recension av The Gettysburg Museum.

This paper describes how the business model of two leading Swedish municipally owned solid waste management companies exposes them to four different but related markets: a political market in which their legitimacy as an organization is determined; a waste-as-material market that determines their access to waste as a process input; a technical market in which these companies choose what waste proc

AIM: We assessed prevalence and location of pain in a total population of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), age and gender. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on the last assessment of children aged 1-14 years in the combined Swedish follow-up programme and national quality register programme for CP. All

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a novel oral treatment for type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibition increases insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion by preventing the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), thereby lowering glucose levels. Several DPP-4 inhibitors are in clinical development; more studies exist for sitagliptin and vildagliptin. They improve metabolic co

We review our developed visualization method of charge transfer (CT) for chemical enhancement mechanism on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Firstly, we describe our visualization method of charge difference density, which provides direct visual evidence for photoinduced CT. And then, using the visualization method of CT, we interpreted the mechan

The Ilerdian Stage was created by Hottinger and Schaub in 1960 to accommodate a significant phase in the evolution of larger foraminifera not recorded in the northern European basins, and has since been adopted by most researchers working on shallow marine early Paleogene deposits of the Tethys domain. One of the defining criteria of the stage is a major turnover of larger foraminifera, marked by

Background and aim Genetic factors play a role in susceptibility to subarachnoid haemorrhage, but little is known about which genes are involved. Recently, genome wide association studies have identified the 9p21 region as a risk locus for intracranial aneurysms (IA). The aim of the present study was to examine the possible association between 9p21 and ruptured IA-that is, aneurysmal subarachnoid

Det har funnits hushållsarbetare under mycket lång tid och i de flesta delar av världen. Det är nu ett av de vanligaste kvinnoyrkena internationellt. Under mer än ett århundrade har pågått en debatt om hushållsarbetarnas arbetsvillkor där det sagts bl.a. att arbetet är lågavlönat, fysiskt tungt, innebär långa arbetstider, kan leda till social isolering och olika former av övergrepp. Dessa arbetsvi

To evaluate polyalkylimide as a possible vitreous tamponading agent. A 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and posterior vitreous detachment were performed in the right eye of six pigmented rabbits. Approximately 1 ml of viscoelastic gel, polyalkylimide (Bio-AlcamidA (R)) was thereafter injected into the vitreous space. Full-field ERG and intraocular pressure (IOP, Tonopen) was measured pre-and postope

A method for simultaneous determination of the diffusion and sorption properties of cement-based materials is presented. It is a gravimetric method where one small specimen is exposed to stepwise changes in relative humidity while its mass is being measured. As sorption in cement-based materials is slow, the change in relative humidity to the next level is made before final equilibrium has been re

Side-chain carboxyl and carbonyl groups play a major role in protein interactions and enzyme catalysis. A series of C-13 relaxation experiments is introduced to study the dynamics of carboxyl and carbonyl groups in protein side chains on both fast (sub-ns) and slower (mu s-ms) time scales. This approach is illustrated on the protein calbindin D-9k. Fast dynamics features correlate with hydrogen- a

Background: Lignocellulosic biomass, such as corn stover, is a potential raw material for ethanol production. One step in the process of producing ethanol from lignocellulose is enzymatic hydrolysis, which produces fermentable sugars from carbohydrates present in the corn stover in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose. A pretreatment step is crucial to achieve efficient conversion of lignocellu

Manly and faithful. A study of the official clerical masculinity ideology in 16th and 17th century Sweden from an age/generation perspective. Historical masculinity studies, a subdivision of gender history, has been one of the most vivid fields of research in the early 21st century. While much empirical research has been done, especially for modern periods, the theoretical concepts are by and lar

Elevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 181,171 individuals, we identified 14 new loci associated with heart rate and confirmed associations with all 7 previously established loci. Experimental downregulation of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rer

Alpha isoform of smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression has been reported in giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) and other benign and malignant bone tumours, but the pattern of SMA expression and the precise nature of SMA-expressing cells in these lesions is uncertain. We determined by immunohistochemistry the expression of SMA and other muscle and vascular markers in normal bone, GCTB and a wide range