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The subgrade is the top surface of a roadbed upon which the pavement structure is constructed. The purpose is to provide a platform for construction of the pavement and to support the pavement without unwanted deflection that would reduce its performance. For those reasons subgrade bearing capacity have to be investigate during the construction process as a quality control, based on the design res
Road Agencies set quantitative targets and adopt related road safety strategies within the priorities and the available resources at the time of an economic crisis. In this framework, benefit-cost analyses (BCA) are carried out to support the decision making process and alternative measures are ranked according to their expected benefit and benefit-cost ratio calculated using a Safety Performance
Road agencies set quantitative targets and adopt related road safety strategics in accordance with each agency's priorities and available resources. Benefit-cost analyses are carried out to support the decision-making process, and alternative measures are ranked according to their expected benefits and benefit-cost ratios, calculated with a safety performance function (SPF) and crash modification
The analysis of a road network could be carried out using different techniques, the most advanced of which for the identification of hazardous sites are based on a statistical tool known as a "Safety Performance Function" (SPF). SPFs are fundamental to procedures in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) and Safety Analyst, both of which require calibration of the SPFs to local conditions. In the case of
The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a widely used measure for the value of mortality risk reduction. As VSL should reflect preferences and attitudes to risk, there are reasons to believe that it varies depending on the type of risk involved. It has been argued that cancer should be considered a "dread disease," which supports the use of a "cancer premium." The objective of this study is to in
The real-time implementation of periodic controllers requires solving a co-design problem, in which the choice of the controller sampling period is a crucial element. Classic design techniques limit the period exploration to safe values, that guarantee the correct execution of the controller alongside the remaining real-time load, i.e., ensuring that the controller worst-case response time does no
Chemical signaling is ubiquitous and employs a variety of receptor types to detect the cacophony of molecules relevant for each living organism. Insects, our most diverse taxon, have evolved unique olfactory receptors with as little as 10% sequence identity between receptor types. We have identified a promiscuous volatile, 2-methyltetrahydro-3-furanone (coffee furanone), that elicits chemosensory
Whereas functional localization historically has been a key concept in neuroscience, direct neuronal recordings show that input of a particular modality can be recorded well outside its primary receiving areas in the neocortex. Here, we wanted to explore if such spatially unbounded inputs potentially contain any information about the quality of the input received. We utilized a recently introduced
The additional passing lanes and 2+1 roads improve significant road safety. Studies indicate sections with additional passing lanes (relief or alternately), which may cause reduction in the number of accidents by 50%. However, how geometric design affects the safety performance of such sections is not in depth investigated. Previous studies are carried out with two approaches, i.e. the most often,
The evolutionarily ancient Aquificales bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium spp. dominates filamentous microbial mat communities in shallow, fast-flowing, and dysoxic hot-spring drainage systems around the world. In the present study, field observations of these fettuccini-like microbial mats at Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park are integrated with geology, geochemistry, hydrology, micros
BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding sperm production following adjuvant treatment in testicular cancer (TC) clinical stage I (CS I) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 182 TC patients aged 18-50 years were prospectively included during 2001-2006 at any given time within 5 years of orchiectomy. Semen samples were delivered postorchiectomy but before further treatment, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60
The circular economy has been heralded as a potential driver for sustainable development by business, academia, and policymakers. In a future circular economy, new business models are needed that slow, close and narrow resource loops to address key resource and climate challenges. After a phase of excitement and inspiration, an operationalization phase needs to start to ensure the best possible im
This paper presents JitterTime, a small Matlab toolbox for calculating the transient performance of a control system in non-ideal timing scenarios.Such scenarios arise in networked and embedded systems, where several applications share a set of limited and varying resources.Technically, the toolbox evaluates the time-varying state covariance of a mixed continuous/discrete linear system driven by w
In this paper, a multi-scale model is used to assess the multiple mineral precipitation potential in a full-scale anaerobic granular sludge system. Reactor behaviour is analysed under different operational conditions (addition/no addition of reject water from dewatering of lime-stabilized biomass) and periods of time (short/long term). Model predictions suggest that a higher contribution of reject
An unbroken digital data flow would save substantial resources in the built environment process. In this study, which is part of a larger Swedish project, data delivery specifications and methods to integrate BIM and geodata are developed and tested with the aim to facilitate such an unbroken data flow. The main focus areas of the study are: (1) specifications that enables building permission appl
The investigations of light kaonic atoms offer the unique opportunity to perform experiments equivalent to scattering at vanishing relative energies, being their atomic binding energies in the keV range. This allows the determination of the hadron-nucleus interaction at threshold without the need of an extrapolation to zero relative energy. The energy shift and broadening of the lowest-lying state
Inflammation is a key feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In postmortem PD brains, microglial activation and enhanced major histocompatibility class II (MHCII) expression are seen concomitant to the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) and loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra. Recent findings showed that α-synuclein epitopes can be presented and recognized by T-cells. PD is
Background: The exact pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying endolymphatic hydrops (EH) remain elusive. We have previously shown that chronic administration of vasopressin and inhibitors of the cAMP/cGMP degrading enzymes (PDE3, PDE4, PDE5) results in the development of EH to mice. Aims/objectives: Evaluate the ability of spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, to prevent EH, when induced b
