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Physical limitations of antennas above infinite perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground planes are determined using the stored electromagnetic energy. Stored energies are computed with the method of moments (MoM) and the image theory. Convex optimization is used to derive the G/Q ratio and Q-factor for a reference geometry, and the results are compared for different antenna types.
Electromagnetic vector spherical waves have been used recently to model antenna-channel interaction and the available degrees of freedom in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, there are no previous accounts of a method to estimate spherical wave coefficients from channel measurements. One approach for this, using a 3-D positioner, is presented and analyzed in this letter. Measu
Physical bounds on the directivity Q-factor quotient and optimal current distributions are determined for antennas of arbitrary shape and size using an optimization formulation. A variational approach offers closed form solutions for small antennas expressed in the polarizability of the antenna structure. Finite sized antennas are solved using Lagrangian parameters in a method of moments formulati
It is common that PID control loops function satisfactorily most of the time, but that they have issues with violating input, state, or output constraints. While MPC solves this problem in principle, it is in practice not straightforward to replace a functioning PID controller with an MPC implementation. This is particularly true for loops that are critical to plant operation, where stops associat
A growing body of research supports stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in breast cancer to be a robust prognostic and predicive biomarker. The gold standard for stromal TIL density quantitation in breast cancer is pathologist visual assessment using haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. Artificial intelligence/machine-learning algorithms are in development to automate the stroma
In this contribution, we analyse the parliamentary minutes debating the issue of women’s voting rights in Sweden from the start of the two-chamber parliament in 1866 until 1918, when women were finally granted voting rights on the same terms as men. We find that most arguments belonged to one of two broad categories: those that were against women’s suffrage as a matter of principle, and those that
Background: To identify subjects with rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques before thrombotic events occur is an unmet clinical need. Thus, this proof-of-concept study aims to determine which rupture-prone plaque features can be detected using clinically available photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, advanced atherosclerotic plaques (ex vivo, paraffin-e
Background: The study of thoracic injuries and biomechanics during CPR requires detailed studies that are very scarce. The role of the heart in CPR biomechanics has not been determined. This study aimed to determine the risk factors importance for serious ribcage damage due to CPR. Methods: Data were collected from a prospective registry of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between April 2014 and Apr
Snapshot Spectral Imaging enables the acquisition of hyperspectral images (HSI) from 2D projected measurements employing specialized optical systems, such as the Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imager (CASSI). Specifically, the CASSI system performs spatio-spectral codification of light obtaining 2D projected measurements. These measurements are then processed by algorithms to obtain the desired
Osteosarcopenia is the coexistence of low bone mass and sarcopenia. In older women, its prevalence is not well described, and it is unknown if sarcopenia is additive to low bone mass for fracture and mortality risk. The study investigated prevalence of osteosarcopenia and if osteosarcopenia is associated with higher fracture and mortality risk than low bone mass alone in older community-dwelling w
Background: Radiotherapy increases survival in patients with glioblastoma. However, the prescribed dose is limited by unwanted side effects on normal tissue. Previous experimental studies have shown that FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) can reduce these side effects. Still, it is important to establish an equal anti-tumor efficacy comparing FLASH-RT to conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT). Methods: Fu
Micronutrients and physical stability of milk and cream were evaluated for different heat treatments at dairy production scale (HTST pasteurisation, high pasteurisation, ESL indirect and UHT direct and indirect). Changes caused due to heat treatments for macro and micro components (vitamins and minerals) as well as physical stability were investigated. Results show limited losses in macro componen
Introduction: Magnetic skyrmions hold great promise for realizing compact and stable memory devices that can be manipulated at very low energy costs via electronic current densities. Methods: In this work, we extend a recently introduced method to describe classical skyrmion textures coupled to dynamical itinerant electrons. In this scheme, the electron dynamics is described via nonequilibrium Gre
Given that eco-innovations and the associated renewal of regional economic structures are pivotal in addressing environmental challenges, regional research is increasingly focusing on their spatio-temporal dynamics. While green technological and industrial path developments in specific regions have received considerable attention, little effort has been made to derive general patterns of environme
We propose an observer for rotational dynamics subject to directional and gyroscopic measurements, which simultaneously estimates the gyroscopic biases and attitude rates. We show uniform almost global asymptotic and local exponential stability of the resulting error dynamics, implying robustness against bounded disturbances. This robustness is quantified with respect to a popular nonlinear comple
BACKGROUND: Suicidal behavior and substance use disorders (SUDs) are important public health concerns. Prior suicide attempts and SUDs are two of the most consistent predictors of suicide death, and clarifying the role of SUDs in the transition from suicide attempt to suicide death could inform prevention efforts. METHODS: We used national Swedish registry data to identify individuals born 1960-19
