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In chapter 2, I claim that not only heads, but phrases, too, are probes. I show that there are in fact no theoretical and empirical problems involved if we abandon the stipulation that only heads may probe. In chapter 3, I explore the structure of nominal expressions. The difference we see between reflexives and personal pronouns is argued to be an effect of the syntactic derivation, not of the p
Modeling of interactions between molecules is investigated by theoretical means within the NEMO model. The model is based on a partitioning of the interaction energy at the Hartree-Fock level into first- and second-order perturbation theory. The interaction energy is given as a sum of electrostatic, induction, repulsion, and dispersion energies. Both intra- and intermolecular interactions are incl
In order to increase our knowledge of the sound transmission and radiation processes of lightweight wall and floor structures, theoretical models are needed. Detailed models may form a valuable tool. In lightweight floor structures, impact sound insulation is perhaps the most important property to consider. This thesis presents an overview of various solution strategies that may be useful in findi
This thesis develops the concept formation of 'social movement'. The author stresses the importance of the inherent classical understanding of the concept as defining a collective actor involved in a struggle regarding main social and cultural trends in society. The concept of social movement is treated as having been an unclear concept. The author therefore formulates a working definition that al
Environmental considerations in product development are increasingly dealt with in the framework of certified environmental management systems such as ISO 14001. This allows industry to set objectives and assign responsibility for continuous improvement for DFE activities and environmental performance of products in DFE management programs. This thesis presents a general model for DFE management p
Willy Brandt is one of the most important charismatic leaders of the postwar era and his Ostpolitik is considered his great political achievement. The Berlin Question can be said to symbolize his political activities. Therefore, by concentrating on this issue I can explore and analyse his political thinking as a whole. My basic assumption in this dissertation is that a politician tends to stick to
The contemporary discussion about how to define and measure the quality of services is dominated by a subjective perspective and quality is usually grounded in the customers perception. This conceptualisation of quality (perceived service quality) is well established in business and research. In contrast, this study is an argument for an intersubjective perspective grounded in language and demonst
With the great progress of technology in genomics and proteomics generating an exponentially increasing amount of data, computational and statistical methods have become indispensable) for accurate biological conclusions. In this doctoral dissertation, we present several algorithms designed to delve large amounts of data and bolster the understanding of molecular biology. MAPK and PI3K, two signal
Climate change increases the need for climate-adapted cities. In order to sustainably manage climate risks such as increased precipitation and temperatures, alternative solutions are required. Including nature-based solutions into urban planning can help mitigate these risks. Nature-based solutions are supported or inspired by nature and aim to solve problems related to climate change. The purpose
Political campaigns are a recurring phenomenon in liberal democracies. However, scholars remain undecided about the extent of their effectiveness and have focused heavily on the United States and the United Kingdom. This thesis expands by quantitatively analyzing the relationship between political parties’ financial resources and electoral performance across twelve European democracies. It also zo
