Rätten till en rättvis rättegång enligt artikel 6 i den Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna (Europakonventionen) omfattar rätten att biträdas av en försvarare. Den Europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna (Europadomstolen) har i sin tolkning av bestämmelsen betonat betydelsen av ett tidigt försvararinträde. I denna studie gransThe right to legal assistance is a part of the right to a fair trial under article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (the Convention). In its interpretation of the article The European Court of Human Rights (the Court) has emphasized the importance of legal assistance early on in the proceedings. This study examines early access to legal assistance in

Climate change and limited natural resources are growing concerns that create both global and local challenges to societies and organizations. The Western World´s transportation system is dependent on oil, a limited natural resource that has a detrimental impact on the environment. To curb harmful impacts and maintain economic growth, alternative energy methods need to be incorporated into the tra

Israel Holmströms (1661-1708) vislyrik och "lätta" diktning analyseras mot bakgrund av den världsliga visdiktningen under barocken i Sverige med utblickar främst till tysk visdiktning. Mot bakgrund av den världsliga visans genrer studeras Holmströms visdiktning där även de språkliga drag som kännetecknar hans visor undersöks. Analysen fokuserar på vad som förenar och skiljer Holmströms d

This study investigates the implementation of the EU cohesion policy in a Swedish context. The EU cohesion policy aims to, through the Structural funds, diminish the economic and social differences between less-favoured and affluent regions in the EU. However, there has been a paradigm shift in Swedish politics; from income equalization and redistribution to the poorest regions, towards a greater

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) describes an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and environmental degradation. In this paper this relationship will be analysed by using per capita GDP as proxy for per capita income, and per capita carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide as representatives for environmental degradation. Using cross-country time series data for ten global coun

Redan så tidigt som 1957 diskuterades frågan om fri rörlighet och hur man inom dåvarande EG kunde underlätta rörligheten för de fyra friheterna: personer, varor, kapital och tjänster. Till dags dato har EU rönt framgångar för tre av dessa fyra friheter, för tjänster är det dock fortsatt besvärligt. En process att undanröja de hinder som stod i vägen för tjänsters fria rörlighet inleddes av stats- As early as 1957 the issue of freedom of movement was discussed and how the EU could facilitate the movement of the four freedoms: people, good, capital and services. To date the EU has been successful for three of the four freedoms, however for services the situation remains difficult. A process to eliminate the obstacles that stood in the way of free movement of services was launched by heads of

During the second half of the 20th century, more possibilities of singing Psalms in the common Sunday service arose in Church of Sweden. The aim of this study is to see in what different ways the Psalms are usually sung and where they appear in the different worship books. I am interested in how this has changed over time, from the 1940s until today. A special focus is also on church musicians and

With over 60 years passed since Hannah Arendt wrote her influential The Origins of Totalitarianism, scholars and commentators on statelessness still refer to its chapter The Perplexities of the Rights of Man as a cornerstone in the relation between statelessness and human rights. After assessing the primary views presented by Arendt and contemporary writers on statelessness, this study uses a meth

Roma people have since their first stay in Sweden endured discrimination and violations due other people’s intolerance of their values, way of living and culture. Some of the most common concepts used to describe the Roma people are as a threat or a problem, as incompetent or incapable and as un-Swedish. These concepts were found in both studies of the Roma people and official governmental investi

Background: The current mass proliferation of information and communication technology (“ICT”) has created the ability to communicate with customers and manage energy production in unprecedented ways. With the arrival of “smart” energy meters and wireless communication, a new level of customer interaction is possible. In this scenario, a “smart grid” is created in which multiple energy meters are

This paper focuses on the distinction between the private and the public in relation to violence and sexual crimes against women in relationships and intimate relationships. Historically, violence and sexual abuse in intimate relationships has been placed in the private sphere away from the law. Concepts such as "family matter" and "family violence" has expressed that a certain

In the writings of Swedish theologians during the Reformation era, there are many references to the Church Fathers, such as Augustine, Tertullian, Ambrose and others. This essay examines, through a descriptive method, the use of the Church Fathers in polemic writing against Roman Catholicism and Calvinism during significant theological conflicts in Swedish Reformation history (1528-1604). To some

The purpose of this master's thesis is twofold. Firstly, the purpose is to illuminate how librarians at seven different faculties at the Lund University Libraries define their supportive work towards scientists. Secondly, the purpose is to show in which ways the librarians' work affect the learning and identity of the librarians as well as how this work is influenced by the epistemic cultu

Uppsatsen behandlar unionsrättens påverkan på den svenska inkomstskatterätten. Även om medlemsstaterna behållit makten att lagstifta på inkomstskatteområdet får de nationella regelverken inte strida mot FEUF. Detta innebär att unionsrätten i själva verket har stor inverkan på den direkta beskattningen. Även om nationella regler strider mot FEUF:s bestämmelser om fri rörlighet kan de i vissa fall

Då HovR över Skåne och Blekinge, mål nr. B 2802-10, avkunnade sin dom den 21 september 2011 hade ytterligare en frikännande misshandelsdom behandlats av det svenska rättssystemet. Den tilltalade hade piskat målsäganden med olika redskap så att skador uppkommit. Det som skiljde detta mål från ett vanligt misshandelsmål, var att målsäganden hade samtyckt till de olika handlingarna, som en del av ettAs the Court of Appeals for Skåne and Blekinge, case no. B 2802-10, gave its judgment on September 21, 2011, was yet another acquittal assault judgment processed by the Swedish judicial system. The accused had hit the victim with different instruments in a way that caused damage to the plaintiff. However, what distinguishes this case from an ordinary assaultcase was that the plaintiff had consente

Denna studie undersöker en specifik del av marknadsföringsprocessen. Segmentering avser arbetet med att urskilja och identifiera mindre och distinkta enheter från en bred marknad, och är en förutsättning för ett arbete med riktad kommunikation. Utifrån en socialkonstruktivistisk förståelse för identitet och sexualitet kombinerar studien queerteoretiska uppfattningar med marknadsföringsteori i syftThis study examines a specific part of the marketing process. Segmentation refers to the efforts of distinguishing and identifying smaller and separate entities from a broad market, an essential part of targeted marketing communications. A social constructivist understanding of identity and sexuality underlies this study. The study combines queer theoretical views and marketing theory in order to

In the last decades, the impact of human capital on growth has played a central role. College tuition in the U.S. is among the highest in the world and deters otherwise capable and enthusiastic students from seeking higher education. This thesis investigates the effect of education subsidies on the highest levels of education in the U.S by performing a simulation with different financial strategie

Rådets direktiv 2001/23/EG om tillnärmning av medlemstaternas lagstiftning om skydd för arbetstagares rättigheter vid överlåtelse av företag, verksamheter eller delar av verksamheter antogs ursprungligen år 1977 som en följd av ökade omstruktureringar och företagsöverlåtelser på den gemensamma marknaden. En viktig bestämmelse återfinns i artikel 3, som stadgar en automatisk övergång från överlåtarThe Council Directive 2001/23/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees’ rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of businesses, was originally adopted in 1977 as a result of an increase in restructurings and transfers of businesses. An important provision is found in article 3, which prescribes the automatic tra

This study introduces a protocol for healthcare team performance assessments, based on cognitive systems engineering and the contextual control model (COCOM). The protocol was developed by Palmqvist et al. focusing on team's joint level of control. This is contrasted by present means for team assessments, which are based on individual behavioural ratings. Data is analysed in intervals, and thr