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We summarize research reports from 2024 relevant to Tourette syndrome, which the authors consider the most important or interesting. This working draft aims to submit this content for publication around the beginning of 2025 in the yearly Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights series on F1000Research. The authors welcome article suggestions and thoughtful feedback from readers, who can add a commen
Teledermoscopy (TDS) offers an efficient alternative to face-to-face assessment of suspicious skin lesions. Although diagnostic accuracy in TDS is relatively high, further improvement is desirable to reduce the risk of overlooked skin cancers and unnecessary interventions of benign lesions. Image enhancement (IE), i.e. digital modification of different parameters of an image, may potentially impro
Purpose – This paper concerns an integrated life cycle assessment (ILCA) comparing daylighting retrofit solutions for an existing sports hall, currently relying only on electric lighting. Daylight quality, environmental impact and financial aspects are generally independently considered, leading to suboptimal decisions when all aspects are considered together. By taking the sports hall as an examp
The digitalisation of adolescents’ everyday lives has created new contexts in which intimate partner violence can occur. Digital intimate partner violence includes controlling, monitoring, and harassing behaviours carried out through digital tools such as social media, messaging applications, and location-sharing services. These behaviours are often normalised among young people, which makes the v
Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is common in young, active individuals. It has the potential to lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. However, the effects of ACL injury on the bio-composition and microstructure of the knee's collateral ligaments have been poorly explored. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging and quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) wer
In the last decade, breast cancer diagnosis has seen the widespread application of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in screening programs. DBT involves the X-ray tube traversing along an arc trajectory parallel to the patient’s chest wall, acquiring multiple low-dose mammograms from various angles. Reconstruction algorithms process these projection views to generate a stack of slices forming a p
This paper analyses the growth-inequality-poverty nexus in Tanzania. We provide a unique long-term study covering six decades of Tanzanian independence and disentangle the competing narratives concerning growth, inequality, and poverty in the country. We do this by carefully assessing the existing–and at times contradictory–data on growth, inequality, and poverty and by introducing the inequality
Filtering-based probabilistic numerical solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODEs), also known as ODE filters, have been established as efficient methods for quantifying numerical uncertainty in the solution of ODEs. In practical applications, however, the underlying dynamical system often contains uncertain parameters, requiring the propagation of this model uncertainty to the ODE solutio
Membrane technology plays a crucial role in food by-product valorization, especially in protein recovery. Initially applied to whey protein extraction from cheese production, it enabled the concentration and purification of whey, leading to the production of protein concentrates and isolates. This success was extended to other animal proteins like blood plasma, fish proteins, and albumen.With a gr
Study Region 103 FLUXNET2015 flux towers distributed across diverse climatic and ecological regions. Study Focus Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for understanding regional ecohydrological processes. Physically based models such as the Penman-Monteith-Leuning (PML) model are robust but often constrained by fixed parameterization schemes, while data-driven approaches such
pyPFC is a comprehensive open-source Python package for setting up, running and analyzing 3D phase field crystal (PFC) simulations. The object-oriented code is designed to take full advantage of GPU acceleration, but can also be ran on purely CPU-based systems. The overarching ambition with the pyPFC package is to provide an easily accessible and computationally efficient PFC simulation framework,
IntroductionGlobal water scarcity requires new approaches for water treatment. Membrane technology has proven itself as key technology for water treatment from seawater desalination with reverse osmosis to wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactors. In this presentation three new water treatment concepts based on membrane technology and their development from idea to pilot scale testing will b
We study the Coulomb chain where particles are restricted to one dimension and experience three-dimensional Coulomb interactions with their nearest and next-to-nearest neighbours. The distances between consecutive particles are treated as random variables. It is shown that the correlation between clusters of consecutive variables decay exponentially with the number of variables separating them. Th
The last mute film in Carl Th. Dreyer’s oeuvre, The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928), is often referred to as a film “made of close-ups” and purely cinematic. Dreyer used to stress himself that close-up was the specific cinematic device that asserted film’s position as autonomous art. He especially insisted on film’s independence from theatre. Thus, it might sound quite surprising that in an intervie
Improving lignocellulosic biorefineries is a crucial step in transitioning from a fossil-based economy to a bio-based one. These biorefineries convert lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks into value-added products such as biofuels, biopower, biochemicals, and biomaterials, while also recovering valuable components from underutilized process streams. Pulp and paper mills are lignocellulosic biorefine
IntroductionAlthough Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is generally considered a progressive condition with limited reversibility, recent data suggests potential for lung function improvement with exercise. Mechanistic insights into exercise-induced benefits remain limited, but in vitro models offer promise for understanding cellular and molecular changes. This study aims to elucidate t
This paper uses uncertainty generated by environmental change and climate crisis as a prompt to rethink the concept of vulnerability within disaster studies. Where some have sought to recover a latent political potential in vulnerability, a togetherness founded in the disclosure of insecurities to others, we argue that there is value in refusing to settle on any single meaning. This is explored di
The digital healthcare market has been growing rapidly due to the swift development of wearable devices. One notable advancement is the application of digital healthcare technology to vehicles, which is expected to provide a comfortable driving environment and prevent accidents. This study proposed user experience (UX) scenarios to apply and expand digital healthcare technology in vehicles, detail
This study compared and examined the electroencephalogram(EEG)-based driver inattention warning system with actual bus drivers in real-road environments. EEG and survey data were gathered from 20 professional bus drivers who drove their buses under the conditions in which the warning systems were turned on and off for 47 days. The analysis revealed that the ratio of the SMR-mid beta to theta(RSMT)
This article explores the rationales through which teenage students make sense of and legitimise unpaid labour in low-wage service jobs, contributing to theorising how such exploitation becomes normalised as part of their working lives. Based on 40 in-depth interviews with working school students in Sweden, it focuses on experiences of wage theft and coercive extra shifts, understood as employer s
